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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What are the three types of RNA synthesized by RNA Polymerases?
What are the three types of RNA synthesized by RNA Polymerases?
- mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA (correct)
- mRNA, rRNA, and snRNA
- mRNA, tRNA, and snRNA
- rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA
Which type of chromatin is the most actively transcribed?
Which type of chromatin is the most actively transcribed?
- Both Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
- Euchromatin (correct)
- Heterochromatin
- Neither Euchromatin nor Heterochromatin
What is the function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HATs)?
What is the function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HATs)?
- To remove acetyl group from Lys
- To remove methyl group from Lys
- To add acetyl group to Lys (correct)
- To add methyl group to Lys
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
What is the role of Transcription Factors (TFs)?
What is the role of Transcription Factors (TFs)?
What is the function of RNA Polymerases in transcription?
What is the function of RNA Polymerases in transcription?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
What is the effect of Chromatin Remodeling on DNA transcription?
What is the effect of Chromatin Remodeling on DNA transcription?
What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What are the three types of RNA synthesized by RNA Polymerases?
What are the three types of RNA synthesized by RNA Polymerases?
Which type of chromatin is the most actively transcribed?
Which type of chromatin is the most actively transcribed?
What is the function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HATs)?
What is the function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HATs)?
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
What is the role of Transcription Factors (TFs)?
What is the role of Transcription Factors (TFs)?
What is the function of RNA Polymerases in transcription?
What is the function of RNA Polymerases in transcription?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
What is the effect of Chromatin Remodeling on DNA transcription?
What is the effect of Chromatin Remodeling on DNA transcription?
What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Which RNA Polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA in eukaryotic cells?
Which RNA Polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA in eukaryotic cells?
Which histone modification results in weak DNA/histone interaction and allows for easier transcription?
Which histone modification results in weak DNA/histone interaction and allows for easier transcription?
Which type of chromatin is most active in transcription?
Which type of chromatin is most active in transcription?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
Which type of chromatin is highly condensed and contains the most inactive segments of DNA?
Which type of regulatory proteins initiate and regulate transcription in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of regulatory proteins initiate and regulate transcription in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?
Which RNA Polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA in eukaryotic cells?
Which RNA Polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of chromatin can switch between active and inactive states and is involved in X chromosome inactivation?
Which type of chromatin can switch between active and inactive states and is involved in X chromosome inactivation?
Which type of chromatin is always condensed and contains genes that are permanently inactive?
Which type of chromatin is always condensed and contains genes that are permanently inactive?
Which histone modification is associated with transcriptional repression?
Which histone modification is associated with transcriptional repression?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Types of RNA Synthesized by RNA Polymerases
- Three types: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
- RNA Polymerase II synthesizes mRNA.
- RNA Polymerase I is responsible for synthesizing rRNA.
- RNA Polymerase III synthesizes tRNA.
Active and Inactive Chromatin
- Euchromatin is the most actively transcribed type of chromatin.
- Heterochromatin is highly condensed; it contains the most inactive segments of DNA.
- Facultative heterochromatin can switch between active and inactive states, involved in processes like X chromosome inactivation.
- Constitutive heterochromatin is always condensed, harboring permanently inactive genes.
Functions of Chromatin-Modifying Enzymes
- Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs) add acetyl groups to histones, leading to weak DNA/histone interactions, promoting transcription.
- Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups, resulting in stronger DNA/histone interactions and transcriptional repression.
Role of Transcription Factors
- Transcription factors (TFs) are regulatory proteins that initiate and regulate transcription in eukaryotic cells.
- They bind to specific DNA sequences, facilitating the recruitment of RNA Polymerases.
Function of RNA Polymerases in Transcription
- RNA Polymerases synthesize RNA from a DNA template by unwinding the DNA and adding complementary RNA nucleotides.
- They are essential for the transcription of all three types of RNA.
Chromatin Remodeling Effects
- Chromatin remodeling alters DNA accessibility, impacting transcription efficiency.
- Changes in chromatin structure allow transcription machinery to access genes, facilitating or hindering transcription.
Functions of rRNA and tRNA in Protein Synthesis
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the core structural and functional components of ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them with the corresponding codons on mRNA.
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