Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases and Replication Termination Quiz

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Telomeres are found at the ______ ends of chromosomes

linear

Telomeres protect DNA from damage by ______

nucleases

Telomeres distinguish the end of a chromosome from a ______ break

double-stranded

Telomeres shorten with each successive ______ division

cell Signup and view all the answers

High telomerase activity is a characteristic of ______ cells

cancer Signup and view all the answers

There are over 200 genes involved in ______ repair

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic disease caused by defects in ______ genes

NER Signup and view all the answers

DNA strands are composed of bases along a ______ backbone

phosphate-sugar Signup and view all the answers

The backbones run in ______ directions - antiparallel

opposite Signup and view all the answers

DNA is read along the ______ (5′ → 3′)

backbone Signup and view all the answers

DNA is ______ charged

negatively Signup and view all the answers

Complimentary bases held together via ______ bond

hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Each nucleotide in the chain is connected via a ______ bond

phosphodiester Signup and view all the answers

During storage, DNA wraps around ______ proteins

histone Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase reads the parental template strand in the ______ direction

3′-to-5′ Signup and view all the answers

The precursors for replication are ______

deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates Signup and view all the answers

As DNA synthesis proceeds in the ______ direction, one parental strand is synthesized continuously

5′-to-3′ Signup and view all the answers

The other parental strand exhibits ______ synthesis

discontinuous Signup and view all the answers

Small fragments named ______ are created during discontinuous synthesis

Okazaki fragments Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the ______ direction

5′-to-3′ Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase requires a free ______ group of a nucleotide primer

3′-hydroxyl Signup and view all the answers

The primer is synthesized by the enzyme ______

primase Signup and view all the answers

The enzyme ______ synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes (telomeres)

telomerase Signup and view all the answers

The DnaA protein binds to the DnaA Box within the Ori to initiate replication.

Binding causes AT-rich region to melt Signup and view all the answers

The DNA Helicase enzyme binds to ssDNA at the Ori to force the strands apart and unwinds the double helix.

Requires energy from ATP hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

The Single-stranded Binding (SSB) proteins bind to the ssDNA created by Helicase to keep the strands separated in the replication bubble and protect DNA from nucleases that degrade ssDNA.

Binding of the first SSB protein facilitates binding of other SSB proteins – cooperative binding Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerase I cuts one strand, rotates it around an intact strand, and reseals the nick.

Stores the energy from breaking a phosphodiester bond to reseal the strand Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerase II binds tightly to DNA to make a transient break in both strands and passes a

different section of double helix through the break and reseals it Signup and view all the answers