Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases and Replication Termination Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Telomeres are found at the ______ ends of chromosomes

linear

Telomeres protect DNA from damage by ______

nucleases

Telomeres distinguish the end of a chromosome from a ______ break

double-stranded

Telomeres shorten with each successive ______ division

<p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

High telomerase activity is a characteristic of ______ cells

<p>cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are over 200 genes involved in ______ repair

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic disease caused by defects in ______ genes

<p>NER</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA strands are composed of bases along a ______ backbone

<p>phosphate-sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The backbones run in ______ directions - antiparallel

<p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is read along the ______ (5′ → 3′)

<p>backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is ______ charged

<p>negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complimentary bases held together via ______ bond

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each nucleotide in the chain is connected via a ______ bond

<p>phosphodiester</p> Signup and view all the answers

During storage, DNA wraps around ______ proteins

<p>histone</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase reads the parental template strand in the ______ direction

<p>3′-to-5′</p> Signup and view all the answers

The precursors for replication are ______

<p>deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

As DNA synthesis proceeds in the ______ direction, one parental strand is synthesized continuously

<p>5′-to-3′</p> Signup and view all the answers

The other parental strand exhibits ______ synthesis

<p>discontinuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small fragments named ______ are created during discontinuous synthesis

<p>Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the ______ direction

<p>5′-to-3′</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA polymerase requires a free ______ group of a nucleotide primer

<p>3′-hydroxyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primer is synthesized by the enzyme ______

<p>primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The enzyme ______ synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes (telomeres)

<p>telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DnaA protein binds to the DnaA Box within the Ori to initiate replication.

<p>Binding causes AT-rich region to melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DNA Helicase enzyme binds to ssDNA at the Ori to force the strands apart and unwinds the double helix.

<p>Requires energy from ATP hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Single-stranded Binding (SSB) proteins bind to the ssDNA created by Helicase to keep the strands separated in the replication bubble and protect DNA from nucleases that degrade ssDNA.

<p>Binding of the first SSB protein facilitates binding of other SSB proteins – cooperative binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerase I cuts one strand, rotates it around an intact strand, and reseals the nick.

<p>Stores the energy from breaking a phosphodiester bond to reseal the strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerase II binds tightly to DNA to make a transient break in both strands and passes a

<p>different section of double helix through the break and reseals it</p> Signup and view all the answers

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