28 Questions
Telomeres are found at the ______ ends of chromosomes
linear
Telomeres protect DNA from damage by ______
nucleases
Telomeres distinguish the end of a chromosome from a ______ break
double-stranded
Telomeres shorten with each successive ______ division
cell
High telomerase activity is a characteristic of ______ cells
cancer
There are over 200 genes involved in ______ repair
DNA
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic disease caused by defects in ______ genes
NER
DNA strands are composed of bases along a ______ backbone
phosphate-sugar
The backbones run in ______ directions - antiparallel
opposite
DNA is read along the ______ (5′ → 3′)
backbone
DNA is ______ charged
negatively
Complimentary bases held together via ______ bond
hydrogen
Each nucleotide in the chain is connected via a ______ bond
phosphodiester
During storage, DNA wraps around ______ proteins
histone
DNA polymerase reads the parental template strand in the ______ direction
3′-to-5′
The precursors for replication are ______
deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
As DNA synthesis proceeds in the ______ direction, one parental strand is synthesized continuously
5′-to-3′
The other parental strand exhibits ______ synthesis
discontinuous
Small fragments named ______ are created during discontinuous synthesis
Okazaki fragments
DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the ______ direction
5′-to-3′
DNA polymerase requires a free ______ group of a nucleotide primer
3′-hydroxyl
The primer is synthesized by the enzyme ______
primase
The enzyme ______ synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes (telomeres)
telomerase
The DnaA protein binds to the DnaA Box within the Ori to initiate replication.
Binding causes AT-rich region to melt
The DNA Helicase enzyme binds to ssDNA at the Ori to force the strands apart and unwinds the double helix.
Requires energy from ATP hydrolysis
The Single-stranded Binding (SSB) proteins bind to the ssDNA created by Helicase to keep the strands separated in the replication bubble and protect DNA from nucleases that degrade ssDNA.
Binding of the first SSB protein facilitates binding of other SSB proteins – cooperative binding
Topoisomerase I cuts one strand, rotates it around an intact strand, and reseals the nick.
Stores the energy from breaking a phosphodiester bond to reseal the strand
Topoisomerase II binds tightly to DNA to make a transient break in both strands and passes a
different section of double helix through the break and reseals it
Test your knowledge on eukaryotic DNA polymerases and the termination of replication in eukaryotes. Learn about the role of telomeres in protecting DNA and their significance in cell division.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
