Eukaryotic Cells Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?

  • 10-100 µm (correct)
  • 1-10 µm
  • 100-500 µm
  • 500-1000 µm

What are the four main classifications of eukaryotic cells?

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Eukaryotic cells are simpler in structure compared to prokaryotic cells.

False (B)

The cell membrane is composed of two sheets of __________.

<p>phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of phospholipids is hydrophobic?

<p>Fatty acid tails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is permeable to all types of molecules.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane regulates the passage of molecules using which property?

<p>Selective permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the composition of the cell membrane that includes proteins and lipids?

<p>Fluid Mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of membrane proteins?

<p>Transport, communication, and signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eukaryotic Cells

  • Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger than prokaryotic cells, typically ranging from 10-100 µm.
  • Cells are highly compartmentalized into organelles, facilitating specialized functions.
  • Major classifications include Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, each with unique characteristics but sharing common features.

Cell Structures

  • Cell structures fall into five main categories:
    • Structures for protection
    • Genetic control organelles
    • Manufacturing, storing, distributing, and breakdown organelles
    • Energy processing organelles
    • Organelles for structural support, movement, and intercellular communication

Structures for Protection

Cell Membrane

  • Acts as a barrier to segregate the cell's internal environment from its external surroundings.

  • Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell, enabling selective permeability.

  • Comprised of a phospholipid bilayer, made of two sheets of phospholipids.

  • Each phospholipid has:

    • A hydrophilic polar head (phosphate group and glycerol)
    • Two hydrophobic non-polar fatty acid tails
  • The arrangement results in:

    • Hydrophobic tails clustering away from the environment, forming the inner layer of the membrane.
    • Hydrophilic heads orienting towards the exterior and interior of the cell.
  • Selective permeability restricts non-polar molecules like glucose from freely entering or exiting the cell.

Membrane Proteins

  • Cell membranes contain randomly distributed proteins and other molecules, contributing to the membrane's fluid characteristics.
  • The term "Fluid Mosaic" describes this structure, highlighting the dynamic nature of the phospholipid bilayer and the embedded proteins, as coined by researchers Nicolson and Singer.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the characteristics and structures of eukaryotic cells, which are complex and larger than prokaryotic cells. It explores the various organelles and the classification of eukaryotes into groups such as Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Test your knowledge on the unique features that define these advanced cellular structures.

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