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What is the primary function of the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following best describes the selective permeability of the cell membrane?
Which of the following best describes the selective permeability of the cell membrane?
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?
What does the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane signify?
What does the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane signify?
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Which organelle is referred to as the control center of the cell?
Which organelle is referred to as the control center of the cell?
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What characteristic of a mitochondrion supports the idea that it was once a free-living prokaryotic cell?
What characteristic of a mitochondrion supports the idea that it was once a free-living prokaryotic cell?
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Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for storing water?
Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for storing water?
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What is the primary function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
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Which statement best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?
Which statement best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?
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What distinguishes chloroplasts from other organelles in eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes chloroplasts from other organelles in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the main reason that plant cells wilt when vacuoles are empty?
What is the main reason that plant cells wilt when vacuoles are empty?
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Which of the following organelles is known as the 'powerplant' of the cell?
Which of the following organelles is known as the 'powerplant' of the cell?
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Which of the following statements regarding the Endosymbiotic Theory is true?
Which of the following statements regarding the Endosymbiotic Theory is true?
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Which cell type would most likely contain more mitochondria compared to other cell types?
Which cell type would most likely contain more mitochondria compared to other cell types?
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What is the primary function of recognition proteins in the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of recognition proteins in the cell membrane?
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How does cholesterol contribute to the cell membrane?
How does cholesterol contribute to the cell membrane?
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A cell with a high number of ribosomes is most likely specialized for which process?
A cell with a high number of ribosomes is most likely specialized for which process?
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What property of the cell membrane allows it to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
What property of the cell membrane allows it to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
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What effect does placing a cell in a hypertonic solution generally have on the cell?
What effect does placing a cell in a hypertonic solution generally have on the cell?
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Which type of transport does not require energy to occur across the cell membrane?
Which type of transport does not require energy to occur across the cell membrane?
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In what way does the structure of the phospholipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?
In what way does the structure of the phospholipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?
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Study Notes
Eukaryotic Cells
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell; contains DNA
- Nucleolus: Inside the nucleus; creates ribosomes
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Cell Membrane: Phospholipid bilayer structure; selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass through while keeping others out.
- Fluid mosaic model: The cell membrane is made of many different components, and they can move around one another.
- Ribosomes: Smallest organelles; no membrane; make protein for growth; found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Folded membranes that act as an internal transportation system.
- Rough ER: Folded membrane with many ribosomes attached; important for protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER: Folded membrane without ribosomes attached; essential in lipid synthesis.
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Mitochondria: Place where sugar is broken down to produce energy (ATP).
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Cells use this energy to do work.
- Contains its own DNA
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Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes that help to keep a cell clean.
- Digests food particles, gets rid of waste, and protects from foreign invaders.
- Known as the cell's "defense" system
- Golgi: Packages up materials in a cell and gets ready to be transported out of the cell or to other parts of the cell.
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Cytoskeleton: Supports and gives shape to the cell; helps transport materials around the cell.
- Made up of protein chains called microfilaments and microtubules.
- Vesicle: Holds water in an animal cell; several in an animal cell.
- Centrioles: Aid in cell division; help provide internal structure for the cell.
Eukaryotic Cell's - Just for Animal Cells
- Vesicle: Holds water in an animal cell.
- Centrioles: Aid in cell division; help provide internal structure for the cell.
Eukaryotic Cell's - Just for Plants/Prokaryotic
- Cell Wall: Only found in plants, fungi, and prokaryotic cells; rigid structure that helps to support the plant or fungi.
Eukaryotic Cell's - Just for Plants
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Chloroplast: Only found in plants and algae.
- Place where plants make their own food during photosynthesis.
- Gives plants their green color.
- Contains its own DNA.
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Vacuole: Place where water is stored in a plant cell.
- One large vacuole per plant cell.
- The "holding tank" of plant cells.
- When cells have empty vacuoles, a plant will wilt.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living cells.
- They were prokaryotic cells that were ingested by other prokaryotes.
Evidence Supporting Endosymbiotic Theory
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA.
- Their DNA is similar to DNA in prokaryotes.
- They divide independently of the cell.
- They have multiple membranes.
Cell Membranes - Fluid Mosaic Model
- Mosaic: There are many components of the cell membrane.
- Fluid: The components of the cell membrane can move around.
Functions of Membranes
- Protects the cell.
- Controls incoming and outgoing substances.
- Selectively permeable: allows some molecules in, others are kept out.
Parts of the Cell Membrane
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Phospholipid Bilayer: Allows for fluidity.
- Hydrophilic heads (likes water).
- Hydrophobic tails (does not like water).
- More unsaturated tails: More fluid.
- More saturated tails: More rigid.
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Proteins: Help with transport into and out of the cell (integral and peripheral proteins).
- Transport proteins: Transport material across the cell membrane.
- Enzymes: Mediate chemical reactions.
- Recognition proteins (Glycoproteins): For identification, like a "fingerprint" for the cell.
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Cholesterol: Helps stabilize lipid bilayer; acts as a fluidity-rigidity buffer for the cell membrane.
- Keeps membrane more fluid at cold temperatures.
- Keeps membrane more rigid at hot temperatures.
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Cytoskeleton: Inside the cell; connects to cell membrane to give the cell structure, shape, movement within the cell, and movement of the cell.
- Microtubules (large).
- Intermediate filaments (medium).
- Microfilaments (small).
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Description
This quiz explores the structure and functions of eukaryotic cells, focusing on key organelles such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Understand the roles these components play in cellular processes and energy production. Test your knowledge and learn more about the intricacies of cell biology.
