Eukaryotic Cell Quiz

Eukaryotic Cells: Characteristics, Structure, and Components

• Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus that contains linear DNA arranged in chromosomes.
• These cells have membrane-bound organelles that carry out various metabolic reactions, including energy production and photosynthesis.
• Eukaryotic cells are found in fungi, protozoans, plants, and animals.
• The outermost layer of the cell is either a cell wall or cell membrane.
• Eukaryotic cells divide through a process called mitosis.
• These cells contain a cytoskeletal structure that supports and shapes the cell.
• The structure of a eukaryotic cell includes a cell wall (only in plant cells), cell/plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, and vacuole.
• The cell wall in plant cells provides protection against injury or pathogen attacks and helps in cell-to-cell interaction.
• The cell/plasma membrane separates the cell from the outside environment and consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with specific embedded proteins for exchange of substances in and out of the cell.
• The nucleus contains the genetic material, DNA, arranged in chromosomes and a nucleolus for ribosome production.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins for the cell and can be free in the cytoplasm or embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• The endoplasmic reticulum has two types: rough, which is flattened sacs with ribosomes embedded on its surface for protein synthesis, folding, and sorting, and smooth, which is tubular and has multiple functions including phospholipid, cholesterol, and steroid hormone synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium ion storage.