Eukaryotic Cell Parts Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Nucleus?

  • To produce proteins
  • To transport molecules
  • To store energy
  • To contain the DNA of a eukaryotic cell (correct)

Which of the following are contents of the nucleus? (Select all that apply)

  • Chromatin (correct)
  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Nucleoplasm (correct)
  • Cell membrane

What is nucleoplasm?

A type of protoplasm found in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells.

What is the function of nucleoplasm?

<p>To serve as a medium of suspension for the organelles of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear envelope?

<p>A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear matrix?

<p>The network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

<p>To assemble ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes?

<p>Cell organelles constructed in the nucleolus that function as the site of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

<p>A complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chromatin?

<p>To package DNA into a smaller volume and control gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

<p>Compact structures of nucleic acids and proteins carrying genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chromosomes?

<p>To contain genetic instructions that make offspring unique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

<p>Chromatin is less condensed DNA, while chromosomes are highly condensed structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Nucleus

  • Prominent round structure in eukaryotic cells, housing the cell's DNA.
  • Contains essential components like nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, nuclear matrix, nucleolus, ribosomes, chromatin, and chromosomes.

Nucleus Contents

  • Composed of nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, nuclear matrix, nucleolus, ribosomes, chromatin, and chromosomes.

Nucleoplasm

  • Found only in eukaryotic cells, serving as the intracellular fluid within the nucleus.
  • Composed mainly of water, along with various dissolved molecules and ions.
  • Enclosed by the nuclear membrane; provides a suspension medium for nuclear organelles.

Nucleoplasm Function

  • Acts as a medium for suspending organelles and maintains nuclear structure and shape.
  • Facilitates the transport of ions and molecules vital for cell metabolism and functioning.

Nuclear Envelope

  • Double membrane surrounding the nucleus with multiple pores regulating macromolecule passage.
  • Permits free movement of water, ions, ATP, and small molecules while controlling larger macromolecules like proteins and RNA.

Nuclear Matrix

  • Network of fibers inside the nucleus, providing structural support, analogous to the cytoskeleton in the cell.

Nucleolus

  • Largest structure in the nucleus, comprising proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA).
  • Primary function is the assembly of ribosomes, taking up about 25% of the nucleus' volume.
  • Organizes regions of chromosomes containing genes for pre-rRNA, essential for ribosome formation.

Ribosomes

  • Organelles formed in the nucleolus, serving as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
  • Composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, structured into two subunits.

Chromatin

  • DNA double helix packaged with special proteins (histones) forming a complex that facilitates compact storage.
  • Further condenses to form chromosomes, enabling DNA protection and regulation.

Chromatin Function

  • Packages DNA into a smaller volume for cellular accommodation.
  • Controls gene expression and DNA replication; strengthens DNA during mitosis and meiosis, preventing damage.

Chromosomes

  • Compact structures consisting of nucleic acids and proteins, found in the nucleus of living cells.
  • Carry genetic information in the form of genes and are made from chromatin.

Chromosome Function

  • Contain genetic instructions, contributing to unique traits in offspring, with one chromosome inherited from each parent.

Chromatin and Chromosome Differences

  • Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA, while chromosomes are the condensed, tightly packed structures that are visible during cell division.

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