EU Politics: Interest Groups & Civil Society

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What is the EU's approach to ensuring citizen participation in the policy process?

By only seeking input from European citizens directly
By only consulting with national governments
By limiting the role of interest groups in the EU
By incorporating interest groups as a principle of good governance (correct)

What is the purpose of interest groups in the EU, according to John F. Kennedy?

To promote national interests over EU interests
To lobby against EU institutions
To represent the interests of European citizens
To help him understand complex issues in 10 minutes (correct)

Why do interest groups seek to influence European institutions?

To ensure their interests are represented at the European level (correct)
To promote Euroscepticism and protest parties
To prioritize national identity over EU sentiment
To undermine the EU's representative democracy

What is a characteristic of the EU's system that favours consensus building?

A consensus-seeking culture (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do EU institutions incorporate interest groups?

To ensure the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do some associations, such as Greenpeace or ALTER-EU, not accept public funding from the EU?

To maintain their independence in EU policy debates (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Vincent Price's book Public Opinion (1992)?

The lack of citizen competence in managing public affairs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the concept of public opinion?

The Enlightenment and liberal regimes in Europe (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern of EU opponents in the European Parliament regarding the EU's funding of NGOs?

It can change the general climate of EU policy debates (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to the growth of public opinion, according to Jürgen Habermas?

The increase in the reading public and the dissemination of ideas (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do interest groups tend to maintain relations with specific Directorates-General (DGs) in the European Commission?

Because DGs are responsible for specific policy areas and proposals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are members of the European Parliament (MEPs) more responsive to demands raised by national interest groups?

Because they are elected by national voters (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why did Arias Cañete receive criticism during his mandate as commissioner for Climate Action and Energy?

Because he was seen as too sensitive to national interest groups (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of interest groups in the context of EU governance?

To pursue political goals and influence policy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the EU Council and the European Council more difficult targets for interest groups?

Because they are composed of national representatives (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between civil society and political authority according to the definition?

They are interdependent and cannot exist without each other (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of interest groups participating in EU governance?

To reduce the EU's democratic deficit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between interest groups and political parties?

Their pursuit of institutional responsibility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interest groups in a democracy?

They are an essential element of democracy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of civil society?

A framework within which those without political authority live their lives (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary component for civil society to exist?

A robust legal system (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of corporatism, what is the role of economic elites?

To influence government outputs through a tripartite relationship (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of outsider interest groups?

To win over public opinion through campaigning (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions?

A less autonomous government (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for outsider interest groups to be effective?

Meetings and encounters with politicians (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern about public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset?

It may highlight a mediocrity of opinion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can influence public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon?

Emotional contagion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in public opinion about the European Union in recent years?

A marked decrease in support (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate percentage of Europeans who thought their country's EU membership was a good thing by 1991?

More than 70% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked a turning point in public opinion about the EU, leading to a decline in support?

The eurozone crisis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a term used to describe the rise of anti-EU sentiment in recent years?

Euroscepticism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the passivity of the masses, according to the rule of the elites?

Domination of the government and elites (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of public opinion that is susceptible to persuasion, according to Gustav Le Bon?

It is highly susceptible to emotional appeals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the tyranny of the majority, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset?

The suppression of minority views (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can influence public opinion about the EU, according to the text?

Emotional appeals and imitative behavior (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main factor behind the significant increase in non-business interests in the 1980s?

New European programmes and competencies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common concern regarding the relationship between EU institutions and non-business interest groups?

That they are used for window dressing in social policy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe groups such as religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental organizations?

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the largest share of interest groups in the EU, historically?

Business interest groups (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups?

They become highly dependent on the EU institutions and influence their political positions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their descriptions:

Single-interest groups = Groups like the National Rifle Association in the USA, focused on a single issue Ideological interest groups = Groups like the British Humanist Association, driven by a particular ideology Public interest groups = Groups like Amnesty International, advocating for the general public good Professional associations = Groups of business, commerce, and industry Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EU institutions with their approach to interest groups:

European Commission = Favours consensus building and incorporates interest groups in the policy process EU Council = More difficult target for interest groups due to its intergovernmental nature European Parliament = More responsive to demands raised by national interest groups European Union = Committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion:

Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Rule of the elites = A potential consequence of the passivity of the masses, according to the rule of the elites Consensus-seeking culture = A characteristic of the EU's system that favours consensus building Gustav Le Bon's theory = Public opinion is susceptible to persuasion and can be influenced by various factors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approaches with their relation to EU attitudes:

Representative democracy = The EU is committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process Corporatism = The role of economic elites is to influence EU policymaking Civil society = A necessary component for civil society to exist is the participation of citizens and interest groups Good governance = The EU is committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process as a principle of good governance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following problems with their relation to public opinion:

Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the passivity of the masses is the tyranny of the elites Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Susceptibility to persuasion = A characteristic of public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon Influence of elites = A factor that can influence public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon Signup and view all the answers

Match the EU institutions with the level of responsiveness to interest groups:

European Commission = Less responsive to national interest groups European Council and European Council = More difficult targets for interest groups European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups Directorates-General (DGs) = Responsible for specific policy areas and proposals Signup and view all the answers

Match the problems related to public opinion with their corresponding authors:

Concern about public opinion = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Factor influencing public opinion = Gustav Le Bon Tyranny of the majority = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Primary factor contributing to growth of public opinion = Jürgen Habermas Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Insider interest groups = Receive public funding from the EU Outsider interest groups = Do not receive public funding from the EU National interest groups = More influential in the European Parliament European interest groups = More influential in the European Commission Signup and view all the answers

Match the theories/approaches with their descriptions:

Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions Pluralism = Mechanism to reduce the EU's democratic deficit Civil society = Necessary component for civil society to exist Democratic deficit = Concern related to the EU's approach to citizen participation Signup and view all the answers

Match the EU institutions with their roles in interest group participation:

European Commission = Primary point of contact for interest groups European Council and European Council = Less accessible to interest groups European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups Directorates-General (DGs) = Responsible for specific policy areas and proposals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion:

The tyranny of the majority = Highlighting mediocrity of opinion Susceptibility to persuasion = Emotional and not rational messages The rule of the elites = Domination of government and elites Imitative behavior = Crowd behavior and emotional contagion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their descriptions:

Insider interest groups = Having close relationships with EU institutions Outsider interest groups = Having limited access to EU institutions Business interest groups = Focused on economic interests Non-business interest groups = Focused on social and environmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approaches with their relation to EU attitudes:

Euroscepticism = Anti-EU sentiment Euroenthusiasm = Support for the EU Nationalism = Emphasis on national sovereignty Federalism = Emphasis on EU integration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EU institutions with their approach to interest groups:

European Commission = Open to interest groups' input European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups EU Council = More difficult to target for interest groups European Council = Leader-driven and less accessible to interest groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following problems with their relation to public opinion:

The tyranny of the majority = Mediocrity of opinion Susceptibility to persuasion = Emotional influence The rule of the elites = Domination of masses Passivity of the masses = Domination of government and elites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to civil society:

Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites Civil society = Check on political authority Interest group theory = Influence on political decisions Social movement theory = Collective action for social change Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EU policymaking processes with their characteristics:

Tripartite dialogue = Involving government, business, and trade unions Consensus building = Seeking agreement among EU institutions Civil society participation = Involving non-governmental organizations Interest group influence = Shaping policy decisions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to interest groups:

Pluralism = Competing interests in policymaking Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites Elitism = Dominance of powerful interest groups Institutionalism = Influence of EU institutions on interest groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EU institutions with their role in interest group influence:

European Commission = Influenced by interest groups' input European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups EU Council = Less accessible to interest groups European Council = Leader-driven and less accessible to interest groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion about the EU:

Euroscepticism = Anti-EU sentiment Euroenthusiasm = Support for the EU Nationalism = Emphasis on national sovereignty Federalism = Emphasis on EU integration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with the corresponding concepts in the context of EU policymaking:

Civil society = The framework within which those without political authority live their lives—economic relationships, family and kinship structures, religious institutions and so on. Interest groups = Organized elements of civil society that pursue political goals and want to influence the political process. Pressure groups = Groups that seek to present themselves as candidates for government or institutional responsibility. Public opinion = The result of the tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Insider interest groups = They have a close relationship with EU institutions and are often involved in the policy-making process. Outsider interest groups = They have a limited relationship with EU institutions and often use protests and public campaigns to influence policy. Business interest groups = They focus on issues related to environmental protection and human rights. Non-business interest groups = They focus on issues related to economic growth and trade policy. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories and approaches with their descriptions related to EU attitudes:

Elite theory = The view that public opinion is shaped by the masses and is susceptible to persuasion. Corporatism = The approach that emphasizes the role of economic elites in policymaking. Deliberative democracy = The approach that emphasizes the role of citizens in shaping public opinion and influencing policy. Tyranny of the majority = The concern that the majority's views can dominate and suppress minority views. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following problems related to public opinion with their descriptions:

Passivity of the masses = The phenomenon where citizens are not actively engaged in shaping public opinion and influencing policy. Tyranny of the majority = The phenomenon where the majority's views can dominate and suppress minority views. Susceptibility to persuasion = The characteristic of public opinion that is easily influenced by elites and media. Lack of information = The problem where citizens lack access to accurate and reliable information about EU policies. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions related to EU policymaking and civil society:

Civil society = The institutional framework that comprises the European Commission, Council, and Parliament. Interest groups = The framework within which those without political authority live their lives—economic relationships, family and kinship structures, religious institutions and so on. NGOs = Non-governmental organizations that receive public funding from the EU and are involved in policymaking. Stakeholders = Groups or individuals that are affected by EU policies and have a vested interest in the policy-making process. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their corresponding definitions:

Public Opinion = The combination of public and opinion in a single expression used to refer to collective judgments outside the sphere of government that could affect political decision-making. Civil Society = Groups such as religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental organizations. Interest Groups = Organizations that seek to influence EU policy-making. Lack of Competence = The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following authors with their relevant contributions to public opinion:

Jürgen Habermas = The concept of public opinion has its origins in the Enlightenment and with the implementation of liberal regimes in Europe. Vincent Price = Lack of competence issues: The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs. Gustav Le Bon = Public opinion is susceptible to persuasion. Alexis de Tocqueville = Concern about the tyranny of the majority. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Insider Interest Groups = Groups that have established relationships with EU institutions and are often involved in policymaking. Outsider Interest Groups = Groups that do not have established relationships with EU institutions and may use protest and activism to influence policy. Economic Interest Groups = Groups that represent the interests of businesses and industries. Non-Business Interest Groups = Groups that represent the interests of citizens and society. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following problems related to public opinion with their corresponding descriptions:

Lack of Competence = The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs. Lack of Resources = The methods and conditions of debate, discussion, and persuasion of citizens must be improved. Tyranny of the Majority = A situation where the majority stifles the opinions and interests of the minority. Passivity of the Masses = A situation where the masses are apathetic and do not participate in the political process. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories and approaches with their corresponding descriptions:

Corporatism = A system where economic elites play a central role in policymaking. Liberal Pluralism = A system where multiple interest groups compete to influence policymaking. Deliberative Democracy = A system where citizens engage in deliberative and participatory decision-making. Neofunctionalism = A theory that EU integration is driven by the interests of economic elites and interest groups. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their approaches to explaining EU attitudes:

Rational and utilitarian approaches = Individuals support or oppose integration based on personal benefits or harm Eurosceptic citizens versus pro-Europeans = Classic debate about EU integration Political Economy and rationality = Integration support based on economic benefits Democracy and Discrimination = EU attitudes influenced by political rights and social equality Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Insider interest groups = Maintain relations with specific Directorates-General in the European Commission Outsider interest groups = Seek to influence European institutions through public funding Business interest groups = Primary goal is to influence economic policy Non-business interest groups = Focus on social and environmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following public opinion concerns with their associated thinkers:

Tyranny of the majority = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Passivity of the masses = Gustav Le Bon Concerns about public opinion = John F. Kennedy EU attitudes influenced by public funding = Arias Cañete Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of EU policymaking with their characteristics:

Tripartite relationship = Elites in government, business, and trade unions EU's approach to citizen participation = Consensus building and public opinion EU Council and European Council = Difficult targets for interest groups Civil society = Necessary component for public opinion to exist Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Eurobarometer poll questions with their topics:

Do you think that [our country's] membership of the European Union is a good thing, a bad thing, or neither good nor bad? = EU membership and public support How do you think the EU should address democracy and discrimination? = Democracy and Discrimination in the EU What is your opinion on the media and news in the EU? = Media and News in the EU Do you support the Euro Area and its economic policies? = The Euro Area Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Business interest groups = Historically formed the largest share of interest groups in the EU Non-business interest groups = Include religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental groups Outsider interest groups = Tend to maintain relations with specific Directorates-General (DGs) in the European Commission Insider interest groups = Are typically recognized under the umbrella label of NGOs or CSOs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their relation to EU attitudes:

Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Tripartite relationship = A result of the relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions Window dressing = A perceived risk of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the rule of the elites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion:

Jürgen Habermas' theory = The primary factor contributing to the growth of public opinion Gustav Le Bon's theory = A characteristic of public opinion that is susceptible to persuasion Vincent Price's theory = The primary concern of his book Public Opinion (1992) Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset's theory = A concern about public opinion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following problems with their relation to public opinion:

Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the rule of the elites Influence of elites = A factor that can influence public opinion about the EU Lack of citizen participation = A concern about EU policymaking Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approaches with their relation to EU institutions and interest groups:

Corporatism = The role of economic elites in the tripartite relationship Consensus building = A characteristic of the EU's system that favours this approach Window dressing = A perceived risk of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups Incorporation of interest groups = The EU's approach to ensuring citizen participation in the policy process Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe groups such as religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental organizations?

Civil society organizations (CSOs) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem with the EU's use of non-business interest groups?

They may be used for window dressing in social policy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-business interest groups in the EU?

They have been increasing in number since the 1980s (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a term used to describe the phenomenon of EU institutions using non-business interest groups to create a positive image?

Window dressing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups?

They may lose their autonomy and independence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation behind interest groups seeking to influence European institutions?

To convince the European institutions that their interest is for the benefit of European citizens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the EU's system that favours the incorporation of interest groups?

A consensus-seeking culture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interest groups in connecting European-level institutions with the citizens of the European Union?

To mediate between the European institutions and citizens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of good governance that the EU is committed to ensuring?

The participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do European institutions incorporate interest groups in the policy process?

To ensure the participation of citizens in the policy process (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Vincent Price's book Public Opinion (1992)?

Lack of competence issues in citizens managing public affairs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between civil society and political authority according to the definition?

Civil society is outside the sphere of government (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a problem related to public opinion?

Increased interest in EU politics (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches suggests that individuals support or oppose the European integration project based on personal benefits or harm?

Rational and utilitarian approaches (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Eurobarometer polls?

To monitor public support for EU laws and institutions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Reformation, according to Jürgen Habermas?

It led to the rise of liberal regimes in Europe (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern of EU opponents in the European Parliament regarding the EU's funding of NGOs?

It may change the general climate of EU policy debates (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of interest groups is characterized by their ability to influence policy from outside the EU institutions?

Outsider interest groups (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem related to public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset?

The potential for public opinion to be shaped by elites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes interest groups from political parties?

They do not seek to present themselves as candidates for government (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between civil society and political authority?

They are interdependent, and one cannot long continue without the other (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories suggests that the relationship between EU institutions and interest groups is characterized by a tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions?

Corporatist theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem related to public opinion in the EU?

The passivity of the masses leads to a lack of interest in EU affairs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of outsider interest groups?

They have limited access to EU institutions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory or approach related to EU attitudes?

The approach of Jürgen Habermas (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which interest groups reduce the democratic deficit in the EU?

By promoting pluralism and accountability (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of insider interest groups in the EU?

They maintain relations with multiple Directorates-General (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding public opinion about the EU, according to Gustav Le Bon?

Its susceptibility to persuasion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories is most closely associated with the concept of civil society in the EU context?

Pluralism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach of the European Parliament in terms of interest group participation?

It is more responsive to demands from national interest groups (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of theorists like Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset regarding public opinion?

The mediocrity of opinion resulting from the tyranny of the majority (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of public opinion that is susceptible to persuasion, according to Gustav Le Bon?

Emotional contagion and imitative behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the rise in Euroscepticism in response to the eurozone crisis?

The rise of Euroscepticism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the rule of the elites in relation to public opinion?

The domestication of the masses and the domination of public opinion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of interest groups in the context of EU governance?

Their participation in EU policymaking (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of theorists who highlight the susceptibility of public opinion to persuasion?

The emotional and imitative factors that influence public opinion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of public opinion that is related to the concept of Euroscepticism?

Open hostility towards the EU (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of civil society in relation to EU governance?

The relationship between political authority and civil society (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of theories that highlight the role of elites in shaping public opinion?

The domestication of the masses by elites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of interest groups that participate in EU governance?

Their participation in EU policymaking (B) Signup and view all the answers

EU Politics: Interest Groups & Civil Society

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Questions and Answers

What is the EU's approach to ensuring citizen participation in the policy process?

What is the purpose of interest groups in the EU, according to John F. Kennedy?

Why do interest groups seek to influence European institutions?

What is a characteristic of the EU's system that favours consensus building?

Why do EU institutions incorporate interest groups?

Why do some associations, such as Greenpeace or ALTER-EU, not accept public funding from the EU?

What is the primary concern of Vincent Price's book Public Opinion (1992)?

What is the origin of the concept of public opinion?

What is the concern of EU opponents in the European Parliament regarding the EU's funding of NGOs?

What is the primary factor contributing to the growth of public opinion, according to Jürgen Habermas?

Why do interest groups tend to maintain relations with specific Directorates-General (DGs) in the European Commission?

Why are members of the European Parliament (MEPs) more responsive to demands raised by national interest groups?

Why did Arias Cañete receive criticism during his mandate as commissioner for Climate Action and Energy?

What is the primary goal of interest groups in the context of EU governance?

Why are the EU Council and the European Council more difficult targets for interest groups?

What is the relationship between civil society and political authority according to the definition?

What is the benefit of interest groups participating in EU governance?

What is the main difference between interest groups and political parties?

What is the role of interest groups in a democracy?

What is the definition of civil society?

What is a necessary component for civil society to exist?

In the context of corporatism, what is the role of economic elites?

What is the primary goal of outsider interest groups?

What is the result of the tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions?

What is required for outsider interest groups to be effective?

What is a concern about public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset?

Which of the following is a factor that can influence public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon?

What has been the trend in public opinion about the European Union in recent years?

What was the approximate percentage of Europeans who thought their country's EU membership was a good thing by 1991?

Which event marked a turning point in public opinion about the EU, leading to a decline in support?

What is a term used to describe the rise of anti-EU sentiment in recent years?

What is a potential consequence of the passivity of the masses, according to the rule of the elites?

What is a characteristic of public opinion that is susceptible to persuasion, according to Gustav Le Bon?

What is a potential consequence of the tyranny of the majority, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset?

What is a factor that can influence public opinion about the EU, according to the text?

What was the main factor behind the significant increase in non-business interests in the 1980s?

What is a common concern regarding the relationship between EU institutions and non-business interest groups?

What is the term used to describe groups such as religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental organizations?

What was the largest share of interest groups in the EU, historically?

What is a potential consequence of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups?

Match the following types of interest groups with their descriptions:

Match the following EU institutions with their approach to interest groups:

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion:

Match the following approaches with their relation to EU attitudes:

Match the following problems with their relation to public opinion:

Match the EU institutions with the level of responsiveness to interest groups:

Match the problems related to public opinion with their corresponding authors:

Match the types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Match the theories/approaches with their descriptions:

Match the EU institutions with their roles in interest group participation:

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion:

Match the following types of interest groups with their descriptions:

Match the following approaches with their relation to EU attitudes:

Match the following EU institutions with their approach to interest groups:

Match the following problems with their relation to public opinion:

Match the following theories with their relation to civil society:

Match the following EU policymaking processes with their characteristics:

Match the following theories with their relation to interest groups:

Match the following EU institutions with their role in interest group influence:

Match the following theories with their relation to public opinion about the EU:

Match the following definitions with the corresponding concepts in the context of EU policymaking:

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Match the following theories and approaches with their descriptions related to EU attitudes:

Match the following problems related to public opinion with their descriptions:

Match the following concepts with their descriptions related to EU policymaking and civil society:

Match the following concepts with their corresponding definitions:

Match the following authors with their relevant contributions to public opinion:

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Match the following problems related to public opinion with their corresponding descriptions:

Match the following theories and approaches with their corresponding descriptions:

Match the following theories with their approaches to explaining EU attitudes:

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics:

Match the following public opinion concerns with their associated thinkers:

Match the following aspects of EU policymaking with their characteristics:

Match the following Eurobarometer poll questions with their topics:

Match the following types of interest groups with their characteristics: