EU Politics: Interest Groups & Civil Society

<p>A consensus-seeking culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain their independence in EU policy debates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of citizen competence in managing public affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Enlightenment and liberal regimes in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can change the general climate of EU policy debates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in the reading public and the dissemination of ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because DGs are responsible for specific policy areas and proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are elected by national voters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because he was seen as too sensitive to national interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pursue political goals and influence policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are composed of national representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are interdependent and cannot exist without each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the EU's democratic deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their pursuit of institutional responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are an essential element of democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework within which those without political authority live their lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A robust legal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To influence government outputs through a tripartite relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To win over public opinion through campaigning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A less autonomous government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meetings and encounters with politicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may highlight a mediocrity of opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional contagion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A marked decrease in support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The eurozone crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euroscepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domination of the government and elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is highly susceptible to emotional appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suppression of minority views</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional appeals and imitative behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New European programmes and competencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That they are used for window dressing in social policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Business interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become highly dependent on the EU institutions and influence their political positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-interest groups = Groups like the National Rifle Association in the USA, focused on a single issue Ideological interest groups = Groups like the British Humanist Association, driven by a particular ideology Public interest groups = Groups like Amnesty International, advocating for the general public good Professional associations = Groups of business, commerce, and industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Commission = Favours consensus building and incorporates interest groups in the policy process EU Council = More difficult target for interest groups due to its intergovernmental nature European Parliament = More responsive to demands raised by national interest groups European Union = Committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Rule of the elites = A potential consequence of the passivity of the masses, according to the rule of the elites Consensus-seeking culture = A characteristic of the EU's system that favours consensus building Gustav Le Bon's theory = Public opinion is susceptible to persuasion and can be influenced by various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Representative democracy = The EU is committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process Corporatism = The role of economic elites is to influence EU policymaking Civil society = A necessary component for civil society to exist is the participation of citizens and interest groups Good governance = The EU is committed to ensuring the participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process as a principle of good governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the passivity of the masses is the tyranny of the elites Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Susceptibility to persuasion = A characteristic of public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon Influence of elites = A factor that can influence public opinion, according to Gustav Le Bon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Commission = Less responsive to national interest groups European Council and European Council = More difficult targets for interest groups European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups Directorates-General (DGs) = Responsible for specific policy areas and proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concern about public opinion = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Factor influencing public opinion = Gustav Le Bon Tyranny of the majority = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Primary factor contributing to growth of public opinion = Jürgen Habermas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insider interest groups = Receive public funding from the EU Outsider interest groups = Do not receive public funding from the EU National interest groups = More influential in the European Parliament European interest groups = More influential in the European Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions Pluralism = Mechanism to reduce the EU's democratic deficit Civil society = Necessary component for civil society to exist Democratic deficit = Concern related to the EU's approach to citizen participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Commission = Primary point of contact for interest groups European Council and European Council = Less accessible to interest groups European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups Directorates-General (DGs) = Responsible for specific policy areas and proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tyranny of the majority = Highlighting mediocrity of opinion Susceptibility to persuasion = Emotional and not rational messages The rule of the elites = Domination of government and elites Imitative behavior = Crowd behavior and emotional contagion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insider interest groups = Having close relationships with EU institutions Outsider interest groups = Having limited access to EU institutions Business interest groups = Focused on economic interests Non-business interest groups = Focused on social and environmental issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euroscepticism = Anti-EU sentiment Euroenthusiasm = Support for the EU Nationalism = Emphasis on national sovereignty Federalism = Emphasis on EU integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Commission = Open to interest groups' input European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups EU Council = More difficult to target for interest groups European Council = Leader-driven and less accessible to interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tyranny of the majority = Mediocrity of opinion Susceptibility to persuasion = Emotional influence The rule of the elites = Domination of masses Passivity of the masses = Domination of government and elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites Civil society = Check on political authority Interest group theory = Influence on political decisions Social movement theory = Collective action for social change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tripartite dialogue = Involving government, business, and trade unions Consensus building = Seeking agreement among EU institutions Civil society participation = Involving non-governmental organizations Interest group influence = Shaping policy decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluralism = Competing interests in policymaking Corporatism = Tripartite relationship between elites Elitism = Dominance of powerful interest groups Institutionalism = Influence of EU institutions on interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Commission = Influenced by interest groups' input European Parliament = More responsive to national interest groups EU Council = Less accessible to interest groups European Council = Leader-driven and less accessible to interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euroscepticism = Anti-EU sentiment Euroenthusiasm = Support for the EU Nationalism = Emphasis on national sovereignty Federalism = Emphasis on EU integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil society = The framework within which those without political authority live their lives—economic relationships, family and kinship structures, religious institutions and so on. Interest groups = Organized elements of civil society that pursue political goals and want to influence the political process. Pressure groups = Groups that seek to present themselves as candidates for government or institutional responsibility. Public opinion = The result of the tripartite relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insider interest groups = They have a close relationship with EU institutions and are often involved in the policy-making process. Outsider interest groups = They have a limited relationship with EU institutions and often use protests and public campaigns to influence policy. Business interest groups = They focus on issues related to environmental protection and human rights. Non-business interest groups = They focus on issues related to economic growth and trade policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elite theory = The view that public opinion is shaped by the masses and is susceptible to persuasion. Corporatism = The approach that emphasizes the role of economic elites in policymaking. Deliberative democracy = The approach that emphasizes the role of citizens in shaping public opinion and influencing policy. Tyranny of the majority = The concern that the majority's views can dominate and suppress minority views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passivity of the masses = The phenomenon where citizens are not actively engaged in shaping public opinion and influencing policy. Tyranny of the majority = The phenomenon where the majority's views can dominate and suppress minority views. Susceptibility to persuasion = The characteristic of public opinion that is easily influenced by elites and media. Lack of information = The problem where citizens lack access to accurate and reliable information about EU policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil society = The institutional framework that comprises the European Commission, Council, and Parliament. Interest groups = The framework within which those without political authority live their lives—economic relationships, family and kinship structures, religious institutions and so on. NGOs = Non-governmental organizations that receive public funding from the EU and are involved in policymaking. Stakeholders = Groups or individuals that are affected by EU policies and have a vested interest in the policy-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public Opinion = The combination of public and opinion in a single expression used to refer to collective judgments outside the sphere of government that could affect political decision-making. Civil Society = Groups such as religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental organizations. Interest Groups = Organizations that seek to influence EU policy-making. Lack of Competence = The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jürgen Habermas = The concept of public opinion has its origins in the Enlightenment and with the implementation of liberal regimes in Europe. Vincent Price = Lack of competence issues: The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs. Gustav Le Bon = Public opinion is susceptible to persuasion. Alexis de Tocqueville = Concern about the tyranny of the majority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insider Interest Groups = Groups that have established relationships with EU institutions and are often involved in policymaking. Outsider Interest Groups = Groups that do not have established relationships with EU institutions and may use protest and activism to influence policy. Economic Interest Groups = Groups that represent the interests of businesses and industries. Non-Business Interest Groups = Groups that represent the interests of citizens and society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of Competence = The citizen is not prepared to manage public affairs. Lack of Resources = The methods and conditions of debate, discussion, and persuasion of citizens must be improved. Tyranny of the Majority = A situation where the majority stifles the opinions and interests of the minority. Passivity of the Masses = A situation where the masses are apathetic and do not participate in the political process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatism = A system where economic elites play a central role in policymaking. Liberal Pluralism = A system where multiple interest groups compete to influence policymaking. Deliberative Democracy = A system where citizens engage in deliberative and participatory decision-making. Neofunctionalism = A theory that EU integration is driven by the interests of economic elites and interest groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational and utilitarian approaches = Individuals support or oppose integration based on personal benefits or harm Eurosceptic citizens versus pro-Europeans = Classic debate about EU integration Political Economy and rationality = Integration support based on economic benefits Democracy and Discrimination = EU attitudes influenced by political rights and social equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insider interest groups = Maintain relations with specific Directorates-General in the European Commission Outsider interest groups = Seek to influence European institutions through public funding Business interest groups = Primary goal is to influence economic policy Non-business interest groups = Focus on social and environmental issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tyranny of the majority = Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Passivity of the masses = Gustav Le Bon Concerns about public opinion = John F. Kennedy EU attitudes influenced by public funding = Arias Cañete</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tripartite relationship = Elites in government, business, and trade unions EU's approach to citizen participation = Consensus building and public opinion EU Council and European Council = Difficult targets for interest groups Civil society = Necessary component for public opinion to exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do you think that [our country's] membership of the European Union is a good thing, a bad thing, or neither good nor bad? = EU membership and public support How do you think the EU should address democracy and discrimination? = Democracy and Discrimination in the EU What is your opinion on the media and news in the EU? = Media and News in the EU Do you support the Euro Area and its economic policies? = The Euro Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Business interest groups = Historically formed the largest share of interest groups in the EU Non-business interest groups = Include religious, social, human rights, consumer, and environmental groups Outsider interest groups = Tend to maintain relations with specific Directorates-General (DGs) in the European Commission Insider interest groups = Are typically recognized under the umbrella label of NGOs or CSOs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Tripartite relationship = A result of the relationship between elites in government, business, and trade unions Window dressing = A perceived risk of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the rule of the elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jürgen Habermas' theory = The primary factor contributing to the growth of public opinion Gustav Le Bon's theory = A characteristic of public opinion that is susceptible to persuasion Vincent Price's theory = The primary concern of his book Public Opinion (1992) Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset's theory = A concern about public opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tyranny of the majority = A potential consequence of public opinion, according to Alexis de Tocqueville and Ortega y Gasset Passivity of the masses = A potential consequence of the rule of the elites Influence of elites = A factor that can influence public opinion about the EU Lack of citizen participation = A concern about EU policymaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatism = The role of economic elites in the tripartite relationship Consensus building = A characteristic of the EU's system that favours this approach Window dressing = A perceived risk of EU institutions' influence on non-business interest groups Incorporation of interest groups = The EU's approach to ensuring citizen participation in the policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil society organizations (CSOs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be used for window dressing in social policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have been increasing in number since the 1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Window dressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lose their autonomy and independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convince the European institutions that their interest is for the benefit of European citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consensus-seeking culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mediate between the European institutions and citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The participation of citizens and interest groups in the policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the participation of citizens in the policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of competence issues in citizens managing public affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil society is outside the sphere of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased interest in EU politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational and utilitarian approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor public support for EU laws and institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to the rise of liberal regimes in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may change the general climate of EU policy debates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outsider interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for public opinion to be shaped by elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not seek to present themselves as candidates for government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are interdependent, and one cannot long continue without the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatist theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passivity of the masses leads to a lack of interest in EU affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have limited access to EU institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approach of Jürgen Habermas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By promoting pluralism and accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain relations with multiple Directorates-General</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its susceptibility to persuasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more responsive to demands from national interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mediocrity of opinion resulting from the tyranny of the majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional contagion and imitative behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of Euroscepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The domestication of the masses and the domination of public opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their participation in EU policymaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emotional and imitative factors that influence public opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open hostility towards the EU</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between political authority and civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The domestication of the masses by elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their participation in EU policymaking</p> Signup and view all the answers