32 Questions
During the medieval and Renaissance periods, why did painting and sculpture transition from being seen as a craft to being included in a separate category known as fine arts?
Because of the extraordinary functions these artworks started to fulfill in society.
What led to the association of certain materials with the higher category of art during the medieval era?
The separation between ordinary and extraordinary needs.
How did the Renaissance period contribute to the understanding of art and craft in society?
By creating a distinction between craftspeople and artists.
Why were paintings typically associated with canvas rather than other materials in the medieval and Renaissance periods?
As a result of canvas being easier to transport and display.
What distinguished art from craft in the medieval era according to the text?
The separation between ordinary and extraordinary needs.
In what way did the concept of art and artist differ before and after the Renaissance period?
Artworks were viewed as separate from daily life functions before the Renaissance.
What was the main goal of medieval art discussed in the text?
To transmit emotions, religious values, and teachings
What made it possible for artists to focus on visual tricks like perspective and shadows in their works?
The introduction of oil-based paints
Why did the shift from using tempera to oil-based paints impact the artistry of the period?
Oil-based paints enabled the creation of more realistic details
What new areas of study did painters and sculptors begin to focus on in order to achieve naturalism?
Anatomy and geometry
Why did artists start mimicking nature more closely during this period?
Due to a revival of classical aesthetic ideals
How did the representation of figures change from the 13th to the 14th century in medieval art?
Naturalism improved with more appropriate proportions and volume illusion
How did the importance of traditional craft materials change in medieval art during the transition period?
Traditional craft materials were no longer central to the artwork
What aspect of a work of art was questioned due to the influence of materials on artists' capabilities?
'The maker' being solely responsible for everything in the artwork
What enabled common people to acquire various types of objects that were previously restricted to nobility and clergy from the 12th century onwards?
The expansion of urban centers and a consumer economy
Why did artists begin incorporating visual tricks such as perspective and shadows into their works?
To enhance the illusion of reality in their art
What does the Latin word ars (arz) originally mean?
Skill, technique, and talent
During the 16th and 17th centuries, what did the word artisan refer to?
Someone skilled in mechanical arts
In Ancient Greece, which group was expected to partake in the political decisions of their city-state?
Philosophers
Why were painters and sculptors considered slightly of lower status during medieval times?
Their work was seen as purely imitative
What distinguished the liberal arts from the mechanical arts in Ancient Greece?
Separation between mind and body
Why did mimetic representation become devalued in medieval Europe?
Due to rejection of humanistic values of Ancient Greece and Rome
What marked the expansion of Christianity's influence on art during medieval times?
A focus on expressions of divine authority
What was a significant aspect of Chinese and Japanese traditional philosophies regarding skills?
'Mind-body unity' without clear separation of physical and intellectual activities
Which group was expected to learn specific skills in China and Japan?
Samurai class and government bureaucrats
Why were the occupations of liberal arts associated with higher social class distinctions?
They partook in political decisions
What artistic movement emerged in the mid-19th century as a response to the exclusion of some craftspeople from the art academies?
Arts and Crafts movement
Which art form faced challenges transitioning into the realm of realistic representation due to limitations in creating visual illusions?
Stained glass
What material did stained glass makers primarily work with, leading to their exclusion from fine arts academies?
Glass
Which artist is mentioned as trying to incorporate sculptural elements into a functional object like a salt cellar?
Benvenuto Cellini
What type of expression was notably absent in medieval wood sculptures but present in works like Michelangelo's David?
Facial expressions
Which art form faced challenges in keeping up with the ideal body proportions and emotional representations found in works like the famous David by Michelangelo?
Medieval wood sculpture
Explore the roots and meanings of the words 'art' and 'craft', tracing their origins from Latin ars and Old English craft. Understand how technique reflects knowledge and talent reflects power in the context of these words.
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