Etruscan Mythology: Tinia, Uni, and Menerva

South and West Europe: Classical Mythology

• Tinia is the Etruscan equivalent of the Greek god Zeus and the Roman god Jupiter
• Tinia was part of the Etruscan pantheon's supreme triad, along with his wife Uni (Hera/Juno) and Menerva (Athena/Minerva)
• The Etruscans interpreted the gods' will through natural phenomena like lightning, associated with Tinia
• The heavens were divided into 16 regions, each ruled by different sky gods, influencing omens and fate influencing natural phenomena

Cosmic Universe

• Tina's Domain is the Celestial Realm (Heavens), ruled by Tinia, accompanied by deities like Uni (Juno) and Menrva (Minerva).

• The Earthly Realm is governed by divine will and human action balance. Humans can interact with gods through rituals like augury and haruspicy. Sacred places (forests, springs) are portals to other worlds, creating an opportunity of interaction.

• Aita's Domain is the Underworld, ruled by Aita (Hades) and Persipnei (Persephone), similar to Greek mythology but darker.

Major and Lesser Deities & Heroic Figures

• Tinia (Tin): Etruscan god of the thunderbolt, sky, and storm, equivalent to Zeus and Jupiter, part of the supreme triad with Uni and Menerva.
• Uni: Tinia's wife, identified with Hera and Juno, is a significant goddess in the Etruscan pantheon.
• Menerva (Menrva): Equivalent to Athena and Minerva, goddess of wisdom, war, arts, marriage, and childbirth.
• Turan: Goddess of love and vitality, equivalent to Aphrodite and Venus.
• Sethlans: God of fire and craftsmanship, akin to Hephaestus and Vulcan.
• Turms: Messenger god, similar to Hermes and Mercury.
• Hercle: Equivalent to Heracles and Hercules, a hero known for strength and adventures.
• Apulu: Etruscan equivalent of Apollo, associated with prophecy and healing.
• Tages: A prophetic figure revealed Etruscan religious practices.

Major Myths

• Heracles (Hercle): Etruscan version of the Greek hero known for his labors and feats.
• Cacu (Cacus): Monster captured by the VIPINAS brothers in Etruscan art.
• Judgment of Paris: Myth with TURMS (Etruscan Hermes) involved.
• Castor and Pollux (Lars and Turan): Divine twins associated with protection.
• Creation Myth and Cosmic Battle: TINIA (Zeus) and other gods battle for control over cosmos.
• Underworld Myth: Ruled by AITA (Hades) and PHERSIPNEI (Persephone), souls guided by CHARU & VANTH.

Greek Creation Stories

• Only empty darkness in the beginning, Nyx, a bird with black wings.
• From a golden egg laid by Nyx, Eros, the god of love, emerged.
• Egg's shell = sky (Uranus) and Earth (Gaia).
• Eros made Uranus and Gaia fall in love and have children.
• Kronus swallowed his children out of fear, but Rhea saved Zeus, who later led a war against Kronus.
• To punish mankind, Zeus sent Pandora's Box, opened it to released evils but also hope.

Cosmic Universe

• Chaos is the primordial void
• Mount Olympus became the home to the gods
• Heavens is the gods' realm.
• Earth is the living space for humans and animals
• Underworld is the realm of the dead ruled by Hades.

Major & Lesser Deities

• Zeus: Supreme ruler, thunder and sky
• Hera: Queen, marriage and family
• Poseidon: Sea, earthquakes, horses
• Demeter: Agriculture, harvest
• Athena: Wisdom, war strategy, crafts
• Apollo: Light, music, prophecy
• Artemis: Hunt, wilderness, moon
• Ares: Brutal war
• Aphrodite: Love, beauty, desire
• Hephaestus: Fire, forge
• Hermes: Messenger, trade, thieves, travel
• Dionysus: Wine, pleasure, festivity
• Hestia: Hearth, home
• Hades: Underworld

Major Myths

• Trojan War: A legendary conflict sparked by the abduction of Helen by Paris of Troy.
• Scylla and Charybdis: Odysseus encounters Scylla, and Charybdis.
• Theseus and the Minotaur: Theseus enters the Labyrinth and slays the Minotaur.
• The Labours of Heracles: Heracles faces the Hydra as one of his twelve labors.
• Perseus and Medusa: Perseus beheads Medusa, using a reflective shield.
• Bellerophon and Pegasus: Bellerophon kills the Chimera, using arrows from Pegasus.

Notable Creatures in Greek Mythology

• Minotaur: Body of a man, head of a bull, confined in the Labyrinth, slain by Theseus.
• Cyclops: One-eyed giants; Polyphemus from Odyssey.
• Medusa: Gorgon with snake hair; turned people to stone; killed by Perseus.
• Chimera: Fire-breathing hybrid; defeated by Bellerophon.
• Hydra: Multi-headed serpent; killed by Heracles.
• Cerberus: Three-headed dog guarding the underworld.

Roman Stories

• Chaos was the primordial void
• Gaia (Earth) gave birth to Uranus (sky)
• The Titans were birthed.
• Saturn ate his children due to fearing prophecy until Ops hid Jupiter
• Titanomachy: Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Hestia, Juno, and Ceres fought the overthrown the Titans

Roman Cosmic Universe

• Chaos: Primordial void.
• Earth: Mortals and gods.
• Sky: Celestial bodies, god's dwell.
• Underworld: Realm for souls.
• Ocean: Surrounds the Earth.
• Mount Olympus: Celestial home
• Titans Realm: Ancient gods.

Roman Deities and Figures

• Jupiter: Chief god, equivalent to Zeus.
• Junior: Chief goddess, equivalent to Hera.
• Neptune: Sea, equivalent to Poseidon.
• Mars: War, equivalent to Ares.
• Venus: Love, equivalent to Aphrodite.
• Minerva: Wisdom, equivalent to Athena.
• Apollo: Same name
• Diana: Hunt and moon, equivalent to Artemis.
• Vulcan: Fire and metalworking, equivalent to Hephaestus.
• Vesta: Hearth, equivalent to Hestia.
• Mercury: Messenger god, equivalent to Hermes.
• Ceres: Agriculture, equivalent to Demeter.
• Janus: Beginnings and doorways.
• Saturn: Sowing and seed, equivalent to Cronus.
• Faunus: Forest, equivalent to Pan.
• Cupid: Love, equivalent to Eros.
• Proserpina: Underworld, equivalent to Persephone.
• Aeneas: Trojan hero.
• Romulus and Remus: Twin founders.
• Hercules: Strength, equivalent to Hercules
• Lucretia: her story led to the founding the Roman Republic

Major Roman Myths

• Romulus and Remus: Founded Rome (April 21st, 753 BC) after Romulus killed Remus.
• Numa Pompilius: Second king, reformed the calendar, established Vestal Virgins (715-673 BC).
• Scaevola's Loyalty: Gaius Mucius burned his hand to show loyalty to Rome.
• Cloelia's River Crossing: Cloelia led escaped prisoners over the Tiber River.
• Rape of the Sabine Women: The Sabine women integrated into Roman society
• Aeneas and the Aeneid: Aeneas' journey links Rome to Troy and the destined ancestor lineage between Romulus and Remus.
• Coriolanus's Dilemma: stopped Rome, but his mother's plea to highlighting conflict between loyalty and power.
• Cybele's Protection: symbolized by a meteorite arrival marked the end of Rome's crisis and victory over Carthage.
• Jupiter and the Bee: helps bees.
• Jupiter's Lover, Io: the transformation of a priestess into a cow led to her becoming the first Egyptian goddess.
• Apollo and Cassandra's Prophecies: Apollo condemned her from advances and never being believed.
• Lucretia's Sacrifice: Overthrew the Roman Republic.
• Janus's Two Faces: the god symbolizing beginnings and ends of transitions. -River Styx: soul's passage. Heracles Twelve labors: legendary.

Roman Notable creatures

• Fauns: They are part human, part goat linked to the forest.
• Cerrunos the horned one Cernunnos associated with animals and nature .
• Epona her cult.

Catalan mythology

• passed down through generations, often incorporating supernatural elements

Catalan Myth Figures

• Otger Cataló his greyhound .

Catalan Major Myths

• Devil's Bridge a maid and clever and a soul and an old lady for the devils plan
• Comte Arnau was cursed body burning.
• Mouserrat and the Holy Grail Jesus used.
• Tibidabo I wil give with power.

Catalan Notable Creatures:

• Cocollona Nun turns into a dragon-like living near Onyar in Girona..
• Pesanta- A large, black beast, often appearing as a dog or cat, sneaks into homes at night and sits on people's chests, causing nightmares and sleep paralysis.
• Aloja: They protect freshwater ponds and wells, often seen combing their long hair with a golden comb by the water's edge. Their singing is mesmerizing, capable of luring humans into their watery realm if disturbed or offended. Vibria element is controlled her empathy of elements.
• Nagret is full of mystery trait to have fear

Turkish Creations

• Tengri is the order of light giving the leaders respect
• They will honor seeking blessing.

Turkish Cosmic Universe

• upper words
• ground
• spirits in underworld

Major Dietisies And Heroing in Turkish

• Tengri sky
• UMay radiance
• Erlink death
• Gun Ana
• Ata

Major Myths

• Legend Sarikis Ergenekon Legend Gukturiks in the earth.

• Simurgh - Embodies wisdom, healing, divine guidance, bridges mortal and divine realms.

• Karakura - A night demon that torments sleeping souls.

Western Alpine

• Specfic creation myths in the Alpine region, scare.

Western Notable Creatures in the Alpine

• Perchta sometimes woman or hag, and most known slit or bellies
• Raetia Alps or names including Raeria in the earth
• Willam Tell. and to the havsburgs.

Major Myths

• Wlid hunt by Odin.
• Gargantua the hair touches and is Alps.
• Devils Bridge: a bridge built at once. Mount Pilautus Dragous saw a vision and has dragon stone. Balis a city has a fight its 3 figure and freedom.

Western Notable Creatures

• Tartze wurni as dangerous predator- caution
• Krampus the half goat and demon. rewarding
• Berbergazi-elemental bring who ski, predict and avoid.

Basque

• developed a unique spiritual system deeply rooted in nature and animism myths revolved around powerful deities and passed on from Centries
• nature and spirit

Cosmic Major Deitites

• Mari
• Sugaar
• Orlizi

Lesser Deatites

• Basajun
• Gauckno
• Lamnia a

Heroic Figures

• Olentzero San Martin Tilki heroics from devils.

Major Myths

• Mari,the Supreme of Godness.
• Sugaar-union and Stroms Mari • The Basajaun +Tartials •Gaueko of right
• Olenterso, the Chartoals

Notable Creatures

• Basajan the Lord
• Ganchie.
• Lamina water Alojas

Western Gaelic

• in the beginning,

Notable Creatures

• The Legend is. Moun.
• Sere

Creation stories in Irish mythology

Danu

• Dagda • Morrigan
• Lujh •Nuada
• Baid is.
• Eriu •Djan • Goininn • mananaon Ogma

Lugar myths

•Gudichulan Fiorr

British mythology

• the sword in.

• Thc lag

• Westerg.

• --the lae the lake

Cosmic verse british

• Wilt the lake Dragong

Creation stories Welsh

• Ciffel dwn, Clamming,

East Cantabrian

Sun

• The first man, Lugar Nacklave