Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primarily drives ethno-nationalism among dominant ethnic communities?
What primarily drives ethno-nationalism among dominant ethnic communities?
- Interest in creating new cultural identities
- A desire for cultural exchange
- A strong connection to global culture
- Anxiety over perceived threats to their status (correct)
What role do external groups play in the formation of cultural content according to ethno-symbolists?
What role do external groups play in the formation of cultural content according to ethno-symbolists?
- They reinforce traditional cultural patterns.
- They primarily drive the creation of new cultural content. (correct)
- They have no significant impact.
- They can complicate the existing cultural framework.
What are existing cultural identity markers comprised of?
What are existing cultural identity markers comprised of?
- Myths, symbols, traditions, norms, values, etc. (correct)
- Primarily language and historical narratives
- Only tangible items like clothing and artifacts
- Economic indicators and demographics
According to the content, how does institutionalized cultural content evolve over time?
According to the content, how does institutionalized cultural content evolve over time?
What process do ethno-symbolists refer to when adapting existing culture to new contexts?
What process do ethno-symbolists refer to when adapting existing culture to new contexts?
What perspective does Fredrik Barth provide regarding ethnic identities?
What perspective does Fredrik Barth provide regarding ethnic identities?
What is the relationship between external influences and the creation of new cultural content?
What is the relationship between external influences and the creation of new cultural content?
What is emphasized about the change of ethno-cultural content over time?
What is emphasized about the change of ethno-cultural content over time?
How did Trump frame his opponents in relation to the interests of his in-group?
How did Trump frame his opponents in relation to the interests of his in-group?
What was the frequency of Trump's tweets about healthcare during the 2016 election?
What was the frequency of Trump's tweets about healthcare during the 2016 election?
What foundational theme did Trump continue to emphasize during his campaign?
What foundational theme did Trump continue to emphasize during his campaign?
Which hashtag did Trump use to signal his connection with the dominant ethnic group in America?
Which hashtag did Trump use to signal his connection with the dominant ethnic group in America?
What concept did Trump's campaign utilize to create divisions among groups?
What concept did Trump's campaign utilize to create divisions among groups?
What was one of the core promises Trump made to the American people?
What was one of the core promises Trump made to the American people?
Which groups did Trump depict as threatening outsiders?
Which groups did Trump depict as threatening outsiders?
In what way did Trump frame Hillary Clinton during his campaign?
In what way did Trump frame Hillary Clinton during his campaign?
What phrase did Trump use to describe the dominant ethnic group he referenced in his campaign?
What phrase did Trump use to describe the dominant ethnic group he referenced in his campaign?
Which of the following concepts did Trump’s slogans connect with his anti-establishment rhetoric?
Which of the following concepts did Trump’s slogans connect with his anti-establishment rhetoric?
What issue received minimal attention in Trump's tweets, given the political context of the 2016 election?
What issue received minimal attention in Trump's tweets, given the political context of the 2016 election?
What issue did Trump frequently attack to frame his anti-establishment message?
What issue did Trump frequently attack to frame his anti-establishment message?
How did Trump address crime in cities with large African American populations according to his rhetoric?
How did Trump address crime in cities with large African American populations according to his rhetoric?
What foundational aspect characterized Trump's campaign?
What foundational aspect characterized Trump's campaign?
What did the slogan '#AmericaFirst' communicate about Trump’s foreign policy?
What did the slogan '#AmericaFirst' communicate about Trump’s foreign policy?
How did Trump’s messaging seek to mobilize the dominant ethnic group in America?
How did Trump’s messaging seek to mobilize the dominant ethnic group in America?
What percentage of white voters supported Trump in the 2016 election?
What percentage of white voters supported Trump in the 2016 election?
Which group had the highest levels of support for Trump among minorities?
Which group had the highest levels of support for Trump among minorities?
What issue significantly influenced 64% of voters in support of Trump?
What issue significantly influenced 64% of voters in support of Trump?
Which demographic group's voting pattern contributed most significantly to Trump's victory?
Which demographic group's voting pattern contributed most significantly to Trump's victory?
What aspect of Trump's campaign is highlighted as critical to understanding the voting patterns?
What aspect of Trump's campaign is highlighted as critical to understanding the voting patterns?
What percentage of African Americans voted for Trump in the 2016 election?
What percentage of African Americans voted for Trump in the 2016 election?
What was a significant characteristic of the in-group identified by Trump's campaign?
What was a significant characteristic of the in-group identified by Trump's campaign?
What action is suggested to complement structural explanations of Trump's success?
What action is suggested to complement structural explanations of Trump's success?
What characterization was given to Mexican migrants in the context discussed?
What characterization was given to Mexican migrants in the context discussed?
Which group was consistently targeted as the clear out-group?
Which group was consistently targeted as the clear out-group?
How did Trump reinvent the myths and symbols of American identity?
How did Trump reinvent the myths and symbols of American identity?
What aspect of the majority group did Trump emphasize?
What aspect of the majority group did Trump emphasize?
Which communities were at times included in Trump's conception of the in-group?
Which communities were at times included in Trump's conception of the in-group?
What historical narrative influenced the framing of American national identity discussed?
What historical narrative influenced the framing of American national identity discussed?
How did Trump's framing differ from previous narratives regarding ethnic identities?
How did Trump's framing differ from previous narratives regarding ethnic identities?
What role did political elites play in the framing of Mexican migrants and Muslims?
What role did political elites play in the framing of Mexican migrants and Muslims?
What method was primarily used to code Trump's tweets for analysis?
What method was primarily used to code Trump's tweets for analysis?
What is the aim of the study regarding Trump's tweets?
What is the aim of the study regarding Trump's tweets?
Which aspect did the coding framework specifically focus on?
Which aspect did the coding framework specifically focus on?
What is a notable limitation mentioned regarding the interpretive approach used in the study?
What is a notable limitation mentioned regarding the interpretive approach used in the study?
What distinguishes this research from other studies of Trump's tweets?
What distinguishes this research from other studies of Trump's tweets?
How was the coding applied to the tweets being studied?
How was the coding applied to the tweets being studied?
What conventional view of American national identity is mentioned in relation to Trump's tweets?
What conventional view of American national identity is mentioned in relation to Trump's tweets?
What does the research seek to balance in its approach towards analyzing Trump's tweets?
What does the research seek to balance in its approach towards analyzing Trump's tweets?
Flashcards
Ethno-nationalism
Ethno-nationalism
Ethno-nationalism is a political ideology driven by the desire of a dominant ethnic group to maintain its dominance within the state.
Ethno-symbolists
Ethno-symbolists
Ethno-symbolists recognize the cultural significance of dominant ethnic communities in shaping the nation-state, highlighting the deep connection between culture and national identity.
Ethno-cultural content
Ethno-cultural content
Ethno-cultural content involves the collection of traditions, symbols, myths, and values that define a group's shared identity.
Exogenous factors
Exogenous factors
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Endogenous factors
Endogenous factors
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Barth's perspective on ethnicity
Barth's perspective on ethnicity
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Re-invention of culture
Re-invention of culture
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Two-way process of cultural change
Two-way process of cultural change
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Word-frequency analysis
Word-frequency analysis
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Coding framework
Coding framework
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Interpretive approach
Interpretive approach
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Ethnic conception
Ethnic conception
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Ethnic identity
Ethnic identity
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Ethnic myths
Ethnic myths
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Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
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Liberal American national identity
Liberal American national identity
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Enemy of the People
Enemy of the People
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Threatening Outsider Framing
Threatening Outsider Framing
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Shared Identity and Grievance
Shared Identity and Grievance
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Ethno-Nationalist Populism
Ethno-Nationalist Populism
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Boundary-Making
Boundary-Making
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Focus on Symbolic Issues
Focus on Symbolic Issues
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Moral Binary
Moral Binary
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Forgotten Men and Women
Forgotten Men and Women
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Ethno-nationalist strategy
Ethno-nationalist strategy
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Re-inventing ethnic identity
Re-inventing ethnic identity
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Ethnic majority group
Ethnic majority group
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Ethnic foundations of American political culture
Ethnic foundations of American political culture
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Ethno-nationalist ideas
Ethno-nationalist ideas
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Ethnic symbolization
Ethnic symbolization
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Trump's Hashtag Strategy
Trump's Hashtag Strategy
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Exogenous factors in ethnic construction
Exogenous factors in ethnic construction
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Trump's #DrainTheSwamp
Trump's #DrainTheSwamp
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Trump's campaign messaging against elites and outsiders
Trump's campaign messaging against elites and outsiders
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Endogenous factors in ethnic construction
Endogenous factors in ethnic construction
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Trump's immigration rhetoric
Trump's immigration rhetoric
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Trump's portrayal of Clinton
Trump's portrayal of Clinton
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Ethno-cultural content in Trump's messaging
Ethno-cultural content in Trump's messaging
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Trump's use of anti-establishment rhetoric
Trump's use of anti-establishment rhetoric
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Ethnic Conception of America
Ethnic Conception of America
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Study Notes
#Nationalism: the ethno-nationalist populism of Donald Trump's Twitter communication
- The article explores the ethno-nationalist populism of Donald Trump's Twitter communication during the 2016 presidential campaign.
- It analyzes all 5,515 of Trump's tweets.
- Ethno-nationalist and populist themes were the most prominent in Trump's tweets.
- These themes built upon pre-existing myths and symbols of an ethnic conception of American identity.
- Trump's tweets portrayed a virtuous white majority threatened by foreign, religiously different, and self-interested outsiders.
- The struggle against these groups was framed as a mission to restore America to a mythical golden age.
Introduction
- Ethno-nationalist populism (a combination of ethno-nationalism and populism) has become increasingly successful across the West.
- Donald Trump's 2016 election victory was a prominent example.
- The article aims to examine the ethno-nationalist and populist content of Trump's political communication during the 2016 campaign and its connection to long-standing ethnic beliefs.
Methodology
- The article utilizes insights from "ethno-symbolism" (Smith 2009) to analyze the 5,515 tweets.
- A framework of five mytho-symbolic categories was created to analyze the tweets for ethnic identity.
- The categories include People, Homeland, History, Religion, and Ethos.
The 2016 Presidential Campaign
- Trump consistently employed ethnic myths and symbols in his campaign, exceeding all other topics.
- He mainly focused on the ethnic conception of the American people, history, and religion (roughly 886 times, 708 times, and 259 times respectively).
- Trump used the "ethnic conception" of Americans to frame his opponents and the establishment as enemies of the people, working against the interests of the in-group.
- He also used this to connect with and encourage the "silent majority" and the "forgotten men and women".
- Trump's rhetoric included coded language targeting outsiders.
- Ambiguity about the precise ethnic profile of the in-group (sometimes encompassing African Americans and Hispanics alongside whites) was used strategically to gain wider support.
- During the election campaign, Trump framed Hillary Clinton as an enemy of the in-group.
- Trump used slogans like #MakeAmericaGreatAgain and #DrainTheSwamp to represent the establishment and Clinton as enemies of the in-group.
Conclusion
- Trump's 2016 campaign used ethno-nationalist populism with pre-existing ethnic myths and symbols, targeting a "white" in-group and portraying outsiders as a threat.
- This strategy helped shape the political boundaries between the in-group and out-groups in America.
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