Ethics Unit 5 - Lessons 1 & 2

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Questions and Answers

Which concept refers to the inability to act freely due to external factors beyond one's control?

Vincible Ignorance

Biological Determinism (correct)

Psychological Freedom

Freedom of the Will

What does psychological freedom primarily involve?

The ability to choose without any consequences

Understanding and overcoming internal constraints (correct)

Determinism in decision making

Complete absence of external influences

In the context of freedom of the will, what is 'vincible ignorance'?

Knowledge that is absolute and cannot be changed

A permanent state of unawareness

Elimination of all culpability for one's actions

A lack of knowledge that can be corrected (correct)

Which of the following best describes 'determinism'?

The view that every action is determined by preceding events Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of freedom of the will allows for self-regulation and control over one's actions?

Autonomy Signup and view all the answers

What type of freedom represents the absence of constraints imposed by one's biology?

Biological Freedom Signup and view all the answers

How does concupiscence or passion influence decision making?

It creates a strong tendency towards desired outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the absence of physical restraint?

Physical Freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of 'consequent passion' on a person's actions?

It involves deliberate and controlled decision making. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of freedom is characterized by the absence of moral restraints or obligations?

Moral Freedom Signup and view all the answers

What does psychological freedom allow an individual to do?

Choose freely among different actions Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical concept claims that every event is causally determined by prior occurrences or forces?

Hard Determinism Signup and view all the answers

Which argument suggests that the belief in free will is significantly important for human life?

Argument from Common Consent Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by physiological factors exerting influence on human life?

Biological Determinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief of ‘determinists’ regarding human actions?

Humans are compelled to act based on prior causes Signup and view all the answers

Which argument suggests that direct and indirect awareness marks the recognition of freedom in human decisions?

Psychological Argument Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of will as described in the content?

An intellectual tendency toward an intellectual known good Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes human acts?

Acts that proceed from a deliberate will Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in acts of man?

Natural bodily responses like digestion Signup and view all the answers

In the context of freedom of the will, what can be inferred about self-control?

It differs significantly between humans and animals Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher's view suggests that the will is a manifestation of intellect and freedom of action?

Aquinas Signup and view all the answers

What do acts of man include?

Behaviors influenced by external circumstances Signup and view all the answers

How is the existence of the will philosophically demonstrated?

By collecting subjective experiences and data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts is an example of an act of man?

A child throwing a tantrum without understanding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 5 - Lesson 1 & 2

The Will: An intellectual tendency towards a known good.
Human Acts: Actions performed consciously and deliberately with full knowledge and will
Acts of Man: Actions performed without conscious control
Acts of Man include: natural acts of the vegetative and sensory faculties; acts of persons lacking reason; acts of people asleep or under drugs/hypnosis.
Voluntariness: Key to moral responsibility. Acts of man are not voluntary.
Ignorance: Lack of knowledge. Invincible ignorance eliminates responsibility. Vincible ignorance reduces it.
Fear: Mental agitation from a perceived danger. Grave fear eliminates responsibility; slight fear reduces it.
Concupiscence/Passion: Emotions evoked by good or evil. Antecedent passions occur spontaneously before control; consequent passions are willed.
Violence: External force compelling an action against one's will.

Unit 5 - Lesson 2 & 3

Involuntary Act: Doer is not morally responsible.
Modifiers of Human Acts: Factors influencing voluntariness (ignorance, fear, concupiscence, violence).
Consequent Concupiscence: Passion willed by will.
Consequences: Outcomes of actions.
Decision-Making Process: Goal identification, value assessment, option analysis, likelihood evaluation, decision implementation, reflection.

Unit 5 - Lesson 4

Freedom of the Will: Absence of resistant or coercion.
Kinds of Freedom: Physical, Moral, Psychological.
Determinism: Belief that every event is causally determined by prior events.
Hard Determinism: No free will exists; all actions are predetermined.
Biological Determinism: Physiological factors determine behavior.
Psycho-Social Determinism: Human behavior shaped by internal impulses and social pressures.
Argument from Common Consent: Most people believe they have free will.
Psychological Argument: Direct and indirect awareness of our freedom during decision making.
Ethical Argument: Freedom is crucial for moral responsibility.

Unit 6 - Lesson 1, 2 & 3

Paternalism: Acting for another's good without their consent.
Legal Moralism: Prohibition of behaviors deemed morally objectionable.
Acceptance: Recognizing and respecting oneself and others.
Harm Principle: Limiting government interference to preventing harm to others.

Unit 7 - Lesson 1 & 2

Sociology: Study of human social behavior.
Social Philosophy: Exploring societal patterns.
Society: A group of individuals with persistent interactions.
Development of Society: Pre-industrial to Industrial to Post-Industrial.
Theories of Society: (e.g., Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics).

Unit 7 - Lesson 3 & 4

Social Influences: Emotions, behaviors being affected by others.
Domains of Social Influence: Genetics, Family, Society and Culture.
The Filipino Society: Emphasis on family, relationships, and traditions.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of moral responsibility, voluntariness, and the distinctions between human acts and acts of man in this quiz based on Unit 5. Understand how fear, ignorance, and passion influence moral decision-making. Perfect for ethics students looking to test their knowledge.