22 Questions
What is the primary focus of teleological theories in judging if an action is right or wrong?
The consequences of the action
Which moral theory involves maximizing the good or minimizing the bad?
Utilitarianism
What is the primary concern of moral development?
Learning to tell the difference between right and wrong
What is the primary focus of deontological moral theories?
The moral principles guiding an action
Which moral theory emphasizes the importance of relationships and care in moral decision-making?
Care Ethics
What is the primary focus of situation ethics?
The particular circumstances of a situation
What is the primary focus of Caring theories in ethics?
Courage, generosity, and commitment to nurture relationships
Which ethical theory requires people to follow rules and do their duty?
Kant's Theory
What is the main idea behind Contractarian Ethics?
Moral norms are derived from the idea of contract or mutual agreement
Which ethical theory objects to both moral absolutism and moral relativism?
Situation Ethics
What is the primary focus of Ethical Egoism?
The consequences of an action for the individual performing it
Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of considering the entirety of a situation when making moral judgments?
Situation Ethics
According to Contractarian Ethics, why do people accept moral norms?
Because they can all benefit from cooperation with others
What is a key feature of Deontological theories?
Emphasis on the importance of individual rights and duties
Which ethical theory focuses on the character of an individual?
Virtue Ethics
Which of the following ethical theories is based on the idea that moral judgments are relative to one's cultural context?
Ethical Relativism
What is the primary concern of Deontological ethics?
The moral commands and duties
Which ethical theory emphasizes the maximization of overall happiness or well-being?
Consequentialism
What is the main principle of Ethical Egoism?
Perform actions that maximize one's self-interest
Which ethical theory considers the consequences of an action when deciding its moral value?
Teleological ethics
What is the main difference between Ethical Absolutism and Ethical Relativism?
One believes in absolute moral laws, the other in relative moral values
Which ethical theory is based on the idea that moral judgments are based on the norms of one's cultural context?
Ethical Relativism
Study Notes
Principles-Based Theories
- Deontological theories emphasize individual rights, duties, and obligations, and use rules to distinguish right from wrong.
- Kant's Theory requires people to follow rules and do their duty.
Relationships-Based Theories
- Caring theories stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships.
- Actions are judged according to a perspective of caring and responsibility.
- Promote common good or welfare of the group.
Contractarian Ethics
- People are motivated to act morally due to self-interest and the need for cooperation with others.
- Moral norms derive their normative force from the idea of contract or mutual agreement.
- Right acts are those that do not violate the free, rational agreements that people made.
Situation Ethics
- Moral judgments must be made within the context of the entirety of a situation.
- Objects to both moral absolutism and moral relativism.
Ethical Egoism
- An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action.
- Claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: his/her own welfare.
Ethical Absolutism
- Acceptance of a conduct code based on absolute, indisputable rights and duties.
- Moral commands are true at all times and true in all cultures and situations.
- Deontological (Kant's Categorical Imperative and the Divine Command Theory).
Ethical Relativism
- Views moral values as entirely relative to different societies and contexts.
- Morality is relative to the norms of one's context or culture and that there are no common moral principles shared by all cultures.
- Teleological (Utilitarianism and Situation Ethics).
Virtue Ethics
- An approach that focuses on character with the assumption that a person of good character will tend to behave in ways that are consistent with their character.
Morality
- Distinguish morality and law: law reflects moral values of society, and an action can be legal but not moral.
- Distinguish morality and religion: some religions have differences in moral perspective in relation to health.
Moral Development
- The process of learning to tell the difference between right and wrong.
- Begins from childhood and continues throughout life.
Moral Theories/Frameworks
- Moral theories provide frameworks for nurses to use in explaining ethical decisions and discussions of problematic situations.
- Three types of moral theories: consequence-based, principle-based, and relationship-based.
This quiz covers principles-based and relationships-based ethics theories, including deontological theories and caring theories. It explores the concepts of individual rights, duties, and obligations, as well as the importance of nurturing and maintaining relationships.
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