Ethics of Care and Virtue Theory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key focus of the ethics of care? (Select all that apply)

Cost-benefit analysis (correct)
Impartial principles (correct)
Personal relationships
Emotional connections

The ethics of care suggests that we have an equal obligation to help those we know personally and those we do not.

False (B)

What is the 'different voice' that Carol Gilligan refers to?

The 'different voice' refers to the perspective on morality that is more focused on personal relationships, care, and empathy, often associated with women's experiences.

The ethics of care challenges traditional moral theories by focusing on ______, care, and emotional connections.

personal relationships Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:

Ethics of care = Emphasizes personal relationships, care, and emotional connections Traditional ethical theories = Typically focus on impersonal principles, duty, and calculations Different voice = Perspective on morality that prioritizes care and connection, often associated with women's experiences Male bias in ethics = The argument that traditional ethical theories fail to adequately consider the perspectives and experiences of women Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a modern moral theory?

Virtue Ethics (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Elizabeth Anscombe, modern moral philosophy is flawed because it relies on an incoherent concept of 'law' without a lawgiver.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of Elizabeth Anscombe's "Modern Moral Philosophy"?

Anscombe argues that modern moral philosophy is flawed and that we should return to Aristotle's approach to ethics by focusing on virtues rather than abstract notions of law, obligation, and duty. Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle defined virtue as a ______ trait expressed through habitual actions.

character Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Virtue = Habitual traits considered bad Vice = Habitual traits considered good Ethical Egoism = Each person should act in their own best interest Social Contract Theory = The right thing to do is to follow rules for mutual benefit Utilitarianism = One should do what will produce the most happiness Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what makes a person virtuous?

A virtuous person consistently acts in accordance with good character traits, making them desirable companions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key point that a theory of virtue must cover?

Determining the best way to quantify virtues (B) Signup and view all the answers

Virtue ethics suggests that virtues are universally the same for everyone, regardless of individual or cultural differences.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criticism of Radical Virtue Ethics?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Radical Virtue Ethics proposes that 'right action' should be evaluated based on the virtues it reflects.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of Radical Virtue Ethics?

Radical Virtue Ethics is considered incomplete in three key ways: it cannot fully explain the value of virtues, it struggles to guide us in difficult situations, and it fails to address moral conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

According to some proponents of Radical Virtue Ethics, actions should be evaluated using terms from the virtue vocabulary, such as or instead of 'morally right action'.

cowardly, intolerant Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions related to Radical Virtue Ethics:

Radical Virtue Ethics = A theory of ethics that emphasizes character traits and virtues as the primary means of evaluating actions Dependability = An example of a virtue that Radical Virtue Ethics struggles to explain the value of Best Interests = A concept that Radical Virtue Ethics finds difficult to define in problematic situations Moral Conflicts = Situations where different virtues might clash, posing a challenge for Radical Virtue Ethics Signup and view all the answers

It is always just to reward people based on their natural talent.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts does the text use to criticize rewarding people based on their natural endowments?

Natural lottery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented in the text regarding promotion decisions?

The text argues that promotions should be based on merit and effort, rather than solely on natural talent or other factors beyond an individual's control. Signup and view all the answers

The author suggests that a satisfactory moral theory should aim to maximize the interests of all ______.

sentient beings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a universal virtue according to Aristotle?

Wealth (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Virtue Ethics, moral motivation is based solely on performing the right action.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Virtue Ethics over other moral philosophies, according to the text?

Virtue Ethics provides a natural explanation of moral motivation, emphasizing the power of personal values and qualities over simply performing the right action. Signup and view all the answers

Virtue Ethics challenges the idea of _____, arguing that it is not always necessary or even desirable in all situations.

impartiality Signup and view all the answers

Match the following virtues with their descriptions based on Virtue Ethics:

Courage = The ability to act in the face of danger or hardship Generosity = Willingness to share resources and give to others Honesty = Speaking truthfully and acting with integrity Loyalty = Commitment to a person or cause, even when difficult Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best describes the key difference between Virtue Ethics and other moral theories?

Virtue Ethics emphasizes the development of good character as the foundation for ethical behavior. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Virtue Ethics, a mother's partiality towards her children is inherently wrong and should be avoided.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point that the text makes about Virtue Ethics and character development?

Virtue Ethics recognizes the importance of character in ethical decision-making, an aspect often neglected by other moral theories that focus primarily on right action. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary reason why citizens in wealthier countries should care about the well-being of children in other countries?

It is morally wrong to ignore the suffering of those in need, regardless of their location. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The passage argues that future generations have no claim to moral consideration.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What two examples are used in the passage to illustrate the need to consider the welfare of future generations?

Nuclear weapons and climate change Signup and view all the answers

The passage argues that excluding animals from moral consideration based on their species is as unjust as excluding people based on , , or __.

race, nationality, sex Signup and view all the answers

Match the following philosophers with their relevant ideas discussed in the passage:

Bentham and Mill = Advocated for including the interests of nonhuman animals in moral calculations Utilitarianism = A moral theory that suggests actions are right if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people Traditional Utilitarianism = May justify punishing an innocent person if it benefits society as a whole Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Moral Law

Principles derived from human reason that guide ethical behavior.

Ethical Egoism

The theory that individuals should act in their own best interest.