Ethics: Moral and Non-Moral Standards

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Questions and Answers

What is moral philosophy?

A branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

What does the term 'ethics' derive from?

The Ancient Greek word ἠθικός ethikos, which is derived from the word ἦθος ethos.

What are moral standards?

Norms that people have about types of actions that are believed to be morally acceptable and unacceptable.

What are non-moral standards?

Rules that are not related to moral or ethical considerations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a moral dilemma?

A situation in which the decision-maker is forced to choose between two or more conflicting options. Signup and view all the answers

What is a false dilemma?

A situation where the decision-maker has a moral duty to do one thing but is tempted or under pressure to do something else. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of dilemmas?

Individual, Organizational, and Structural. Signup and view all the answers

What is freedom in the context of moral acts?

The ability or right to do, say, or think anything one wishes without restriction or hesitation. Signup and view all the answers

How is culture defined?

The integrated pattern of human knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is assimilation?

Acquiring the dominant culture to such an extent that the assimilating group becomes socially indistinguishable from other members of society. Signup and view all the answers

What is acculturation?

The process whereby the attitudes and behaviors of people from one culture change when they interact with the people of another culture. Signup and view all the answers

What does enculturation refer to?

The process of teaching an individual the norms and values of a culture through unconscious repetition. Signup and view all the answers

Cultural relativism suggests that no culture is superior to another.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'mañana habit' refer to?

Postponing work due to other things. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ningas kugon'?

Gradually losing interest in something even if the person is very enthusiastic about it at first. Signup and view all the answers

What is resiliency?

The ability to survive through challenges. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Moral and Non-Moral Standards

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies concepts of right and wrong conduct, systematizing, defending, and recommending them.
Moral refers to the ethical rightness or wrongness of human actions, as well as the ethical goodness or badness of a person's character or personality.
Moral Standards are established norms about the types of actions considered morally acceptable or unacceptable. These standards are focused on matters with the potential to seriously harm or benefit humans.
Non-Moral Standards are rules that are not related to morality or ethics, such as good manners, etiquette, house rules, technical standards, and regulations set by parents, teachers, or authorities.

Moral Dilemmas

A Dilemma occurs when a person must choose between two or more conflicting options, where each option has unwanted consequences.
Moral Dilemmas present situations where the decision-maker is forced to choose between conflicting options, neither of which provides a morally acceptable resolution.
False Dilemmas (also known as False Dichotomies) are problematic situations where the decision-maker feels obligated to act a certain way but is tempted or pressured to act differently.

Levels of Dilemmas

Individual Dilemmas arise when an individual must choose between two personal ideals, such as their obligations to family versus their love for someone else.
Organizational Dilemmas affect more than one person within an organization, encompassing internal members and external stakeholders. These dilemmas arise during the decision-making process in institutions, businesses, or organizations.
Structural Dilemmas impact a network of institutions and theoretical frameworks, often involving societal issues like immigration, juvenile justice, or universal healthcare. These dilemmas can have a significant impact on a community or even society as a whole.

Freedom as the Foundation for Moral Acts

Freedom refers to the ability or right to do, say, or think anything without restriction or hesitation.

Culture: How It Defines Moral Behavior

Culture is a patterned structure of human knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors that is learned and passed down through generations, rather than through genetics.
Assimilation is the process of adopting the dominant culture so fully that the assimilating group becomes indistinguishable from other members of society.
Acculturation occurs when individuals from one culture interact with individuals from another culture, typically a dominant or host culture, leading to changes in their attitudes and behaviors.
Enculturation is the unconscious process of teaching an individual the norms and values of a culture through repeated exposure and interaction.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural Relativism suggests that there is no universal standard to measure cultures and that no culture is inherently superior to another.

The Filipino Character

Mañana Habit is a tendency to postpone work due to distractions or procrastination.
Ningas Kugon refers to losing interest in a task, despite initial enthusiasm, like a burning straw that quickly loses its flame.
Resiliency describes the ability to survive and recover from challenging situations, often seen as a positive trait in Filipino culture.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of ethics, including moral and non-moral standards. Test your understanding of moral dilemmas and the implications of different ethical choices. Delve into the distinctions between right and wrong conduct as defined by ethical philosophy.