Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary requirement for giving consent in research?
What is a primary requirement for giving consent in research?
Which group requires particular attention when conducting research due to their low agency?
Which group requires particular attention when conducting research due to their low agency?
How should information be provided to vulnerable groups during research?
How should information be provided to vulnerable groups during research?
What is a critical aspect of consent when conducting longitudinal studies?
What is a critical aspect of consent when conducting longitudinal studies?
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What should be done to maintain confidentiality and anonymity of research data?
What should be done to maintain confidentiality and anonymity of research data?
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Which method is recommended for sharing research findings to protect participant identity?
Which method is recommended for sharing research findings to protect participant identity?
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What condition must be met regarding the storage of research data?
What condition must be met regarding the storage of research data?
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What should participants be informed about regarding their involvement in research?
What should participants be informed about regarding their involvement in research?
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What must always be true regarding the relationship between potential benefits and potential risks in research?
What must always be true regarding the relationship between potential benefits and potential risks in research?
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What is a crucial step before starting a research project?
What is a crucial step before starting a research project?
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Which is NOT a component of informed consent in research?
Which is NOT a component of informed consent in research?
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What is one of the key responsibilities when selecting participants for research?
What is one of the key responsibilities when selecting participants for research?
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How should potential research fatigue be addressed?
How should potential research fatigue be addressed?
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What should information for clients include regarding data collection?
What should information for clients include regarding data collection?
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What is the primary goal of separating data from personally identifiable information?
What is the primary goal of separating data from personally identifiable information?
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What should be done if conducting research with minors?
What should be done if conducting research with minors?
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What is the goal of minimizing power differences during the consent process?
What is the goal of minimizing power differences during the consent process?
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What should researchers omit to ensure the anonymity of participants?
What should researchers omit to ensure the anonymity of participants?
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What must participants acknowledge during the informed consent process when it comes to non-anonymized information-sharing?
What must participants acknowledge during the informed consent process when it comes to non-anonymized information-sharing?
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In what scenarios might confidentiality be breached?
In what scenarios might confidentiality be breached?
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What is crucial for researchers to assess when considering breaching confidentiality?
What is crucial for researchers to assess when considering breaching confidentiality?
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What right do participants have concerning reporting safeguarding issues?
What right do participants have concerning reporting safeguarding issues?
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What obligation do researchers have when it comes to participants’ identifiable information in serious situations?
What obligation do researchers have when it comes to participants’ identifiable information in serious situations?
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Which type of data might present challenges for maintaining anonymity?
Which type of data might present challenges for maintaining anonymity?
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What is the primary reason for obtaining consent from service users?
What is the primary reason for obtaining consent from service users?
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Which practice helps in managing confidentiality effectively?
Which practice helps in managing confidentiality effectively?
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What should be done if a professional lacks the skills to address a specific issue?
What should be done if a professional lacks the skills to address a specific issue?
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What is a crucial aspect to maintain while developing your knowledge and skills?
What is a crucial aspect to maintain while developing your knowledge and skills?
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Which of the following actions could be considered a breach of confidentiality?
Which of the following actions could be considered a breach of confidentiality?
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Which of the following practices promotes effective communication?
Which of the following practices promotes effective communication?
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What should professionals do to enhance the safety of their service users?
What should professionals do to enhance the safety of their service users?
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What is a recommended method for maintaining records of your work?
What is a recommended method for maintaining records of your work?
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What is a key aspect of respecting individuals regardless of differences?
What is a key aspect of respecting individuals regardless of differences?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration under the concept of competence?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration under the concept of competence?
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What does responsibility require in a professional context?
What does responsibility require in a professional context?
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Which of the following best defines integrity in a professional setting?
Which of the following best defines integrity in a professional setting?
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Which of these aspects is considered vital for compassionate care?
Which of these aspects is considered vital for compassionate care?
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What should professionals avoid to ensure ethical responsibility?
What should professionals avoid to ensure ethical responsibility?
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In terms of professional conduct, which is an essential aspect of honesty?
In terms of professional conduct, which is an essential aspect of honesty?
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Why is it important to manage power dynamics in professional relationships?
Why is it important to manage power dynamics in professional relationships?
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What role does consent play in professional practice considerations?
What role does consent play in professional practice considerations?
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Which factor is crucial for ensuring a high standard of professional practice?
Which factor is crucial for ensuring a high standard of professional practice?
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Study Notes
Ethics in Research
- Benefits of research must outweigh risks
- Inform respondents about research objectives and methods, and how they'll learn the findings
- Conduct and document risk analysis with supervisor
- Guarantee confidentiality of participants and data
- Participants should benefit from research and be able to make informed judgments
- Clearly explain research purpose and expectations to participants
- Avoid topics that could trigger distress in specific groups
- Be mindful of research fatigue and frustration
- Seek guidance when needed
Informed Consent
- Informed consent should allow participants to understand the research purpose
- Participants need all questions answered and doubts addressed and the ability to withdraw
- Minimize power differences in the consent process
- Ensure participants have the capacity to give informed consent
Information for Clients
- Include details of who is collecting data and conducting research
- Detail the study's purpose
- Identify activities participants will be involved in (e.g., interviews, focus groups, surveys)
- Specify how data will be collected (e.g., audio/video recordings, surveys)
- Explain how the data will be stored and shared
- Describe how the research findings will be used (e.g., policy, media, academic publications)
- Explain confidentiality and anonymity protocols, including when confidentiality may need to be breached
- Include instructions on how to withdraw from the research, complain, or express concerns
Informed Consent (Continued)
- Participants are free to give consent and withdraw at any time
- Consent must be voluntary; no pressure or coercion should be applied; no rewards in exchange
- Pay particular attention when researching vulnerable groups (e.g., children, individuals with disabilities, prisoners)
Confidentiality & Anonymity
- Limit access to raw data and findings to only the research team and authorized personnel
- Store data on approved platforms or servers (excluding file-sharing platforms and unencrypted devices like USBs)
- If using audio recordings, use encrypted devices
- When sharing findings, anonymize or pseudonymize them
- Separate data from personal information
- Restrict sharing of combinations of information that could identify individuals
- Omit any personal or identifying information
- Consider what other information might link participants to the research
Limits to Confidentiality
- Follow duty of care and raise warnings through safeguarding or whistleblowing mechanisms if appropriate
- Honor other legal obligations or matters of public interest
- Be aware of situations where details might make subjects identifiable despite anonymization (e.g., highly specialized interviews)
- Explain circumstances when confidentiality might need to be breached and obtain participant agreement during informed consent
Limits to Confidentiality (Continued)
- Assess the risk and harm of reporting before informing participants
- Participant consultation and consent are necessary before any reporting related to confidentiality breaches is initiated
- Reporting might be done anonymously, and participants have the right to refuse to participate in reporting
BPS Code of Ethics
- Recognize the dignity of all individuals, regardless of social status, ethnicity, gender, capacities or other group-based characteristics
- Show sensitivity to perceived authority or influence
- Respect human rights
Respect Considerations
- Prioritize privacy and confidentiality
- Respect communities and shared values
- Consider impacts on the broader environment
- Address power issues
- Understand consent processes
- Practice self-discrimination
- Provide compassionate care (empathy, sympathy, generosity, openness, tolerance, commitment, courage)
Competence
- Provide services to the fullest professional standard
- Avoid providing services outside your areas of knowledge, scope of practice, education, background, training, or experience
- Maintain a commitment to ongoing development and education
- Maintain high professional standards
Competence Considerations
- Possess appropriate skills needed to serve various people
- Be aware of the limits of your competence and, when appropriate, refer individuals to other professionals
- Remain aware of advances in the evidence base
- Continue to maintain technical skills and practical applications
- Be aware of ethical aspects in professional practice
- Be aware of your own competence limitations and mitigating any necessary actions
- Be cautious while claiming knowledge
Responsibility
- Accept responsibility for actions within your power, control, or management
- Ensure others' trust is not abused in relation to power influence
- Maintain a predominant responsibility towards others
- Avoid causing harm and prevent misuse or abuse in society
Responsibility Considerations
- Practice professional accountability
- Use knowledge and skills appropriately
- Respect the welfare of individuals, non-humans, and the wider environment
- Understand potentially competing duties
Integrity
- Be honest, truthful, accurate and consistent in actions, words, decisions, methods and outcomes
- Set aside personal interests to be objective and open to challenge in professional context
- Prioritize honesty, accuracy, clarity and fairness in interactions
- Promote integrity in all scientific and professional endeavors
Integrity Considerations
- Demonstrate honesty, openness and candour
- Remain accurate and unbiased
- Treat all individuals fairly
- Avoid exploitation and conflicts of interest, including self-interest
- Maintain professional boundaries
- Address any misconduct
HCPC Standards
- Treat service users with dignity, respecting their privacy
- Involve users in decision making
- Obtain informed consent
- Respect equality and challenge discrimination, remaining aware of potential bias
- Maintain professional boundaries
Communicating Appropriately & Effectively
- Be polite and considerate
- Listen and provide information or answers
- Use social media appropriately
- Develop networks with other professionals
Working Within Knowledge & Skills
- Refer if lacking skills or competence in an area
- Develop knowledge and skills
- Keep current with specialty area
- Stay informed of laws and news that affect clients
- Seek feedback and improve services
- Delegate to competent professionals
Respecting Confidentiality & Managing Risk
- Disclose only with permission, in user's best interest, and if legally allowed
- Take actions to reduce risk of harm
- Preserve physical and mental well-being so capacity isn't compromised
Reporting Safety Concerns
- Obtain consent when appropriate
- Breach confidentiality only when necessary for safety, particularly for vulnerable adults and children
- Follow up on reported concerns
- Act on reported concerns, within your scope, and refer to others outside of your scope as needed
Keeping Records of Work
- Maintain accurate, clear, and comprehensive records of sessions
- Protect records and store securely
- Have backup copies of data in case of loss
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Description
This quiz covers essential principles of ethics in research, focusing on informed consent and participant confidentiality. Explore the responsibilities of researchers to ensure risks do not outweigh benefits and that participants are fully informed. Test your knowledge on the ethical obligations researchers must adhere to when conducting studies.
