Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of intervertebral discs in the vertebral column?
What type of tissue comprises the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?
Which statement is true regarding intervertebral disc degeneration?
In the context of herniated discs, what does posterolateral herniation most likely affect?
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What type of joint is formed between sacral vertebrae during childhood?
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What is a common age-related finding concerning intervertebral discs?
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Which component of the intervertebral disc is primarily responsible for its shock-absorbing properties?
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What is the primary function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
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Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament extend?
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Which short ligament connects the laminae of vertebral arches?
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What characterizes the composition of the ligamenta flava?
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Which ligament limits the flexion of the vertebral column?
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What does the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament continue from?
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The supraspinous ligament primarily connects which structures?
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Which of the following ligaments continues into the sacral canal as the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament?
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What is the primary role of the intertransverse ligaments?
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What does the supraspinous ligament connect?
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Which joint is classified as a fibrocartilagineous joint?
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What type of movements do the facet joints of the cervical part permit?
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Which curvature of the vertebral column is a result of lifting the head?
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Which joints connect the costal heads with the vertebrae?
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What is the nature of the first rib's joint with the sternum?
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Which type of joint is comprised of plane synovial joints in the thoracic region?
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What is the primary movement limited by the intertransverse ligaments?
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Which curvature of the vertebral column is described as concave anteriorly?
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Study Notes
Joints of the Vertebral Column and Thorax
General Overview
- Study material is exclusive to Jessenius Faculty of Medicine students; unauthorized use may lead to legal consequences.
- Joints in the vertebral column include cartilaginous, fibrous, osseous, and synovial joints.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous symphyses that absorb shock and contribute to the length of the vertebral column.
- There are 23 intervertebral discs, starting from the CII-CIII to the LV-SI.
Intervertebral Disc Structure
- Comprised of two main components:
- Anulus Fibrosus: The outer portion divided into two zones (external collagen layers, internal fibrocartilage layers).
- Nucleus Pulposus: Gelatinous core rich in proteoglycans and hydrated ECM, functions as a cushion under pressure.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
- Aging leads to diminished proteoglycan levels, reducing water retention and increasing degeneration risk.
- 90% of individuals over 50 show some level of degeneration; only 40% of those under 30 are affected.
- Possible complications include herniation of the nucleus pulposus, which may compress nearby spinal nerves or the spinal cord.
Fibrous Joints
- Syndesmosis type of joints connect vertebral bodies, arches, and processes, characterized by ligaments.
Ligaments of the Vertebral Column
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Long ligaments include:
- Anterior Longitudinal Ligament: Runs from the skull base to sacrum.
- Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Extends along the back of the vertebral bodies.
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Short ligaments include:
- Ligamenta flava: Connect laminae of adjacent vertebrae.
- Interspinous ligaments: Connects spinous processes; limits flexion.
Osseous Joints
- Synostosis is the fusion of sacral and coccygeal vertebrae during adulthood.
Synovial Joints
- Facet joints (zygapophysial joints) are plane synovial joints providing limited gliding movements depending on the region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar).
Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
- Cervical curvature: Forms as the head lifts, concave posteriorly.
- Thoracic curvature: Concave anteriorly.
- Lumbar curvature: Develops from walking, concave posteriorly.
- Sacral/coccygeal curvature: Concave anteriorly and immovable.
Joints of the Thorax
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Sternocostal Joints:
- 1st rib to sternum: synchondrosis.
- 2nd to 7th ribs: plane synovial joints.
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Costovertebral Joints:
- Involves the articulation of rib heads with adjacent vertebral bodies; features radiate ligaments.
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Costotransverse Joints:
- Connects tubercles of ribs to transverse processes; includes costotransverse ligaments.
Movements at Joints
- Movements at the vertebral joints include flexion, extension, lateral duction, and rotation, varying by region.
Health Implications
- Management of spinal issues may involve pain medication, posture correction, physiotherapy, bracing, and possibly surgery.
Additional Topics
- Future lectures will cover craniocervical joints, specifically the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints.
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