Ethics in Business and Medical Testing

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Questions and Answers

Which of these statements best describes the moral-market trend discussed in the article?

Companies are using ethical jargon to appear more appealing to consumers. (correct)

Companies are genuinely incorporating ethics into their operations and culture.

Companies are prioritizing profits over ethical considerations.

Companies are struggling to balance profitability with ethical concerns.

Clinical drug trials in India are considerably more expensive than in developed countries.

False

The author argues that the presence of a strong moral compass in employees is...

a sign of an employee's commitment to the company's values.

vital for a successful business.

a crucial element for achieving profitability.

a desirable quality, but not vital for business success. (correct)

The text states that a ______ is a more generalized description of an action, while a norm is a specific instruction for behavior in given situations.

maxim Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest is the most important reason for having ethical guidelines and rules in society?

To create a harmonious and productive environment. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does the author present in relation to the growing number of rules and regulations?

The author suggests that too many rules can create a culture of compliance instead of genuine morality. The constant need for new rules in a rapidly changing world might lead to overlooking the core ethical principles behind the rules. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of a value that is emphasized in modern society?

Individualism Signup and view all the answers

The author implies that values are unchanging and therefore should be universally applicable.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of values, as presented in the text?

Values serve as guiding principles for individuals and groups. They provide a direction for behavior by clarifying what is important and desirable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a value and a norm?

Values are abstract principles, while norms are specific guidelines for action. Signup and view all the answers

All ethical rules and principles are based on religious teachings.

False Signup and view all the answers

Besides religious teachings, what are other sources that contribute to the development of ethical principles?

The text suggests that reason, observation of human nature, and reflection on ethical dilemmas can all contribute to the development of ethical principles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wozu soll Gutsein gut sein?

"Values" are not a commodity in the German job market.
Companies encourage "values" to create a positive work environment, but this can have negative effects on employees.
Testing new medications on vulnerable populations is cheaper in India.
Clinically testing medications on vulnerable patients in India is significantly less expensive than in other countries, and has resulted in deaths of 49 children.
Poor and uneducated families are often selected as test subjects, due to high vulnerability and desperation.

Moral Markets

Many companies now promote ethical codes of conduct for their employees.
These codes often emphasize values like respect for others, tolerance, transparency, and integrity.
These codes are considered part of a company culture and are expected of employees.
Ethical "codes" are not universally embraced by everyone.
Ethical business practices are not always followed.

India Tests Cheaper

India is an attractive market for pharmaceutical clinical trials due to its lower cost.
The cost-effectiveness of these clinical trials is significantly lower in India (as much as 60% less) than in other countries.
This cost-effectiveness is often exploited, despite ethical concerns.
A clinical trial, based in India, concluded in the deaths of 49 children, due to testing new medications on a vulnerable population.

A Little Moral Test: What Will You Do?

Ethical dilemmas are presented to guide discussion on moral decision-making and ethics.
Examples include returning found money, intervening in an emergency, and choosing to use pirated software.
Different factors (e.g., feelings, personal morals, and beliefs) can influence decision-making.
A series of questions encourage critical thought and reflection on ethical concerns.

Decision Aids

Philosopher Annemarie Pieper offers six valid reasons for moral choices, such as considering the relationship with the other person, feelings for the other person, possible consequences, moral codes relevant to the situation, opinions of respected figures, or personal conscience.

Ethically Evaluate Learning

Ethics examine whether actions are ethical or not, considering human nature as a benchmark and situational context.
Understanding human nature and applying relevant laws/rules to particular cases is key.

Actions and Decisions

Human actions are often complex and involve various factors (e.g., feelings, drives, habits).
Human actions represent what someone intends to do in a particular situation.
Actions require decision-making and have consequences.

Actions and Choices

Humans make choices and have consequences for those choices.
Moral choices can have an impact on both the individual and others in their life.
Philosophical studies examine what is good and moral.

Rules and Norms

Rules and norms reflect societal values and expectations.
Norms guide actions in specific situations.
Actions can be categorized as either inherently normative (e.g., traffic laws) or morally right (e.g., avoiding harming others).
A series of questions about different examples, such as violating rules and norms.

Values

Values, such as friendship and family, are often prioritized in a culture.
Values are usually ingrained in the members of the community.
Values relate to how people live their lives and interact with others.

Moral and Non-moral Values

Moral values distinguish right from wrong.
Non-moral values are unrelated to morality.
Values are often considered desirable, important, or beneficial.

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Description

This quiz explores the intersection of ethical values in business and the controversial practices in medical testing, particularly focusing on vulnerable populations in India. It challenges participants to think critically about corporate values, ethical codes of conduct, and the implications of cost-cutting in health care. Dive into the moral dilemmas surrounding these issues.