Questions and Answers
What do nonconsequential theories base morality on?
What are natural rights?
Basic human rights that must not be violated.
What is John Locke's key principle?
The duty to avoid violating the rights of others.
What does the Equal Liberties Principle state?
Signup and view all the answers
The United Nations recognizes 6 types of basic human rights: Security, Due Process, Liberty, Political, Equality, and _____
Signup and view all the answers
What do Security Rights protect against?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Due Process Rights ensure?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Liberty Rights protect?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Political Rights allow individuals to do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Equality Rights?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Welfare Rights provide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Locke's two kinds of rights?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Positive Rights?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Negative Rights?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the steps for applying Natural Rights Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a problem with Natural Rights Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Communitarians argue?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Immanuel Kant?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'Deontological' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'autonomous' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Categorical Imperative?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two formulas for perfect moral duty?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Universality state?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Respect for Persons mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Disinterested Rationality?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nonconsequential Theories
- Centered on morality based on factors apart from actions' outcomes.
- Factors may include duties, obligations, rights, laws, or social contracts.
Natural Rights
- Focus on exclusive protection of fundamental human rights.
- John Locke highlights the duty to not violate others' rights.
John Locke
- Advocates for the principle of avoiding violation of others' rights.
- Identified the concept of negative rights that are typically owed when a promise is made.
Equal Liberties Principle
- Asserts that everyone is entitled to maximum rights and liberties as long as others are not infringed upon.
- Encourages extension of rights without violating others' freedoms.
United Nations Basic Human Rights
- Six essential types: Security, Due Process, Liberty, Political, Equality, Welfare.
Security Rights
- Safeguard individuals against murder, injury, and torture.
Due Process Rights
- Protect individuals from arbitrary punishments and ensure fair trials for accused individuals.
Liberty
- Preserves freedoms in belief, expression, association, and movement.
Political Rights
- Enable participation in politics through assembly, protest, voting, and public office service.
Equality Rights
- Guarantee equal citizenship and equality before the law, ensuring freedom from discrimination.
Welfare Rights
- Provide access to education and safeguards against starvation and severe poverty.
Locke's Two Types of Rights
- Positive Rights: Entitlements owed by others; others are responsible for fulfilling these rights.
- Negative Rights: Freedom from interference, emphasizing individual initiative.
Natural Rights Theory Application
- Analyze all potential actions.
- Disregard options violating negative rights.
- Assess remaining options for any positive rights that imply obligations.
Problems with Natural Rights Theory
- Lacks obligation for individuals to assist those in need.
- Minimal personal responsibility for self-improvement.
- Relies on divine sources for establishing rights.
Communitarian Perspective
- Emphasizes the importance of community interests alongside individual rights.
Immanuel Kant
- Lived from 1724 to 1804 in Koenigsberg, Prussia, never ventured far from home.
- Believed in individual moral judgment linked to strict self-discipline.
- Advocated for the critique of religious authority, promoting autonomy.
Deontological Ethics
- Based on duty and obligation to act rightly.
- Encourages logical consistency in moral actions.
Autonomy
- Reflects the concept of "self-rule" in ethical decision-making.
Categorical Imperative
- Defines moral duties as actions taken without exceptions, applicable universally.
Formulas for Moral Duty
- Universality: Act only on maxims that could be universally accepted.
- Respect for Persons: Treat individuals as ends in themselves, not merely as means to an end.
Disinterested Rationality
- Focuses on reasoning devoid of personal bias or reference.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Dive into Chapter 7 of ethics focusing on nonconsequential ethical theories. This quiz covers key concepts such as nonconsequential theories and natural rights, emphasizing moral factors beyond outcomes. Perfect for students seeking to strengthen their understanding of ethical frameworks.