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Questions and Answers
What are the three important elements that make an action a 'Human Act'?
What are the three important elements that make an action a 'Human Act'?
Knowledge, Freedom, and Voluntariness.
How does ethics relate to humanism?
How does ethics relate to humanism?
Ethics is intrinsically linked to humanism as it focuses on the morality of human conduct.
What does moral responsibility in human acts imply?
What does moral responsibility in human acts imply?
It implies that the doer is liable for the consequences of their actions.
What is the Greek ideal of full human development?
What is the Greek ideal of full human development?
What does 'Mens Sana in Corpore Sano' mean?
What does 'Mens Sana in Corpore Sano' mean?
Why are communication skills important in the context of being human?
Why are communication skills important in the context of being human?
What role does mental ability play in human humanity?
What role does mental ability play in human humanity?
How does freedom contribute to the nature of a human act?
How does freedom contribute to the nature of a human act?
What does the Greek word 'AESTHETIKOS' relate to in the context of beauty?
What does the Greek word 'AESTHETIKOS' relate to in the context of beauty?
What is the primary focus of LOGIC in philosophy?
What is the primary focus of LOGIC in philosophy?
How is ETHICS defined in relation to human conduct?
How is ETHICS defined in relation to human conduct?
What distinguishes ETHICS from MORALITY?
What distinguishes ETHICS from MORALITY?
What is the aim of studying ETHICS according to its traditional goal?
What is the aim of studying ETHICS according to its traditional goal?
According to Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics', what does the text primarily address?
According to Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics', what does the text primarily address?
What does ETHOS mean in the context of ETHICS?
What does ETHOS mean in the context of ETHICS?
Why is there no single absolute definition of ETHICS?
Why is there no single absolute definition of ETHICS?
According to the Greeks, how can man achieve the fullness of his existence?
According to the Greeks, how can man achieve the fullness of his existence?
In the Oriental view of human existence, what is meant by living a life with purpose?
In the Oriental view of human existence, what is meant by living a life with purpose?
What do Hindus believe is the Greater Reality?
What do Hindus believe is the Greater Reality?
What separates man from God according to Hindu beliefs?
What separates man from God according to Hindu beliefs?
What does Confucius see as the Greater Reality?
What does Confucius see as the Greater Reality?
What are the three social units in Confucianism where one must perform obligations?
What are the three social units in Confucianism where one must perform obligations?
What does living a life of sacrifice entail in Hindu beliefs?
What does living a life of sacrifice entail in Hindu beliefs?
How does sacrifice prepare man for the time of death according to Hinduism?
How does sacrifice prepare man for the time of death according to Hinduism?
What is the origin of the word 'psychology'?
What is the origin of the word 'psychology'?
Define epistemology in a brief statement.
Define epistemology in a brief statement.
What does the term theodicy examine?
What does the term theodicy examine?
What does practical philosophy aim to achieve?
What does practical philosophy aim to achieve?
What is the main focus of semantics?
What is the main focus of semantics?
How is axiology defined in philosophical terms?
How is axiology defined in philosophical terms?
What aspect of study does aesthetics cover?
What aspect of study does aesthetics cover?
What Greek word does 'theory of knowledge' translate from?
What Greek word does 'theory of knowledge' translate from?
What does the JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION contribute to the understanding of ethics?
What does the JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION contribute to the understanding of ethics?
How does ethics differ from morality?
How does ethics differ from morality?
What is the focus of normative ethics?
What is the focus of normative ethics?
What kind of questions does meta ethics explore?
What kind of questions does meta ethics explore?
What does applied ethics involve?
What does applied ethics involve?
In the provided example, what does meta ethics indicate about the police officer's action?
In the provided example, what does meta ethics indicate about the police officer's action?
How does normative ethics justify the police officer's decision in the situation described?
How does normative ethics justify the police officer's decision in the situation described?
What is the primary aim of meta ethics in relation to moral beliefs?
What is the primary aim of meta ethics in relation to moral beliefs?
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Study Notes
Ethics: Definition and Humanism
- Ethics is the practical study of human conduct's morality.
- A human act stems from deliberate free will; the actor is consciously aware and intentional.
- Three elements define a human act: knowledge (awareness), freedom (uncoerced), and voluntariness (knowledge and freedom present).
- Human acts entail moral responsibility for consequences.
Humanism and Ethical Models
- Greek Ideal: Full human development encompasses physical, mental, communication, and social abilities. Achieving excellence in these areas leads to a fulfilling life ("mens sana in corpore sano").
- Oriental View: A fulfilling life involves being part of something greater, finding purpose and meaning, often through selflessness and sacrifice (Hinduism) or fulfilling social obligations (Confucianism). Hinduism emphasizes the importance of the Atman (soul) and the Brahman (God), with sin causing separation and requiring sacrifice to regain sanctity. Confucianism values fulfilling obligations to family, friends, and community.
Related Philosophical Disciplines
- Psychology: Studies the mind, soul, and spirit, their roles in human functioning and social groups.
- Epistemology: Examines knowledge's origin, nature, extent, and truth.
- Theodicy: Explores God's nature, being, goodness, and justice, and God-human relationships.
- Philosophy of Man: Focuses on human nature and essence, including social and political aspects.
Practical Philosophy
- Practical philosophy applies knowledge and wisdom to everyday life, solving problems and reducing anxieties. It provides principles for action.
- Branches include semantics (meaning of words and symbols), axiology (values and importance), aesthetics (beauty and art), logic (correct reasoning), and ethics (morality of human conduct).
Ethics and Morality
- Ethics and morality are often used interchangeably, but some distinctions might be: ethics are standards imposed by external groups (e.g., professional ethics), while morality is personal sense of right and wrong.
- Ethics (from the Greek "ethos," meaning custom) studies right and wrong actions and the good life. It seeks to define right conduct and the good life, acknowledging that definitions change across time and contexts.
- The Greek tradition linked ethics to the "good life" and happiness (Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics). The Judeo-Christian tradition emphasized righteousness before God and love of God and neighbor. Reconciling these perspectives is challenging, preventing an absolute definition of ethics.
- Ethics studies moral principles systematically, while morality describes the practice of right and wrong behavior. Ethics is theory; Morality is practice.
Types of Ethics
- Normative ethics: Prescriptive, setting moral standards and guidelines for behavior.
- Meta-ethics: Descriptive and analytical, exploring the nature and dynamics of ethical principles and moral belief acquisition.
- Applied ethics: Applies ethical and moral theories to specific situations to determine appropriate actions. Examining an action (police shooting a terrorist) through these lenses demonstrates their differences.
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