Ethics and Decision-Making Process Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of intention in a moral act?

The consequences

The goal of the activity (correct)

The circumstances

The object chosen

What contributes to the moral goodness or evil of human acts?

The goal of the activity

The consequences

The object chosen

The circumstances (correct)

What did St. Thomas Aquinas assert about justifying an evil action?

An evil action cannot be justified by a good intention (correct)

Intentions have no bearing on the justification of actions

Evil actions can be justified by good intentions

Good intentions can justify any action

Which of the following is NOT considered as one of the three 'sources' of the morality of human acts?

The end of the activity Signup and view all the answers

In determining the morality of a human act, what specifies the act of willing according to reason?

The object chosen Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'Ethics'?

Derived from the Greek word 'ethos' Signup and view all the answers

Which term is sometimes used interchangeably with Ethics?

Moral Philosophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Ethics as a philosophical science?

Concepts of right and wrong behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of Ethics aim to do?

Defend and recommend concepts of right and wrong behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT among the objectives listed for the end of Module 2?

Judging moral dilemmas based on personal beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is another term sometimes used to refer to Ethics?

'Moral Science' Signup and view all the answers

Why are human acts considered proper to man?

Because man alone has knowledge and freedom of the will among all animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of knowledge in human acts according to the text?

Knowledge provides a framework for deliberating about the most appropriate techniques to attain the good Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key characteristics of ethics according to the text?

Ethics involves decision-making and accountability Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe freedom of the will in human beings?

It is the power that human beings have to decide their actions based on their reasons Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding ethics is accurate based on the text?

Ethical conduct may not always be legal Signup and view all the answers

Why are insane persons and three-year-old children not liable for their actions according to the text?

Because they lack the capacity to act with proper knowledge Signup and view all the answers

How does the text differentiate ethics from feelings?

Ethics can deviate from feelings Signup and view all the answers

What role does responsibility play in ethics according to the text?

Responsibility ensures that no one can give what they do not have Signup and view all the answers

Why can't ethics be confined to religion?

Because ethics applies to all individuals, regardless of religious beliefs Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define ethics in relation to axiology and praxis?

Ethics is considered an axiology focusing on practical application according to praxis Signup and view all the answers

How does ethics relate to what society accepts according to the text?

Society's acceptance does not necessarily define what is ethical Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates ethics from law based on the text?

Laws can deviate from ethical principles Signup and view all the answers

What is Imperfect Voluntariness characterized by?

Acting irrationally without awareness or full intention Signup and view all the answers

Which type of voluntariness is exhibited when a person is forced by circumstances beyond their control to perform an action?

Conditional Voluntariness Signup and view all the answers

In Determinants of Morality, what does 'Object Chosen' refer to?

The good toward which the will deliberately directs itself Signup and view all the answers

What does Simple Voluntariness entail?

Doing an act willfully regardless of preference Signup and view all the answers

What does Positive Simple Voluntariness refer to?

An act that requires performance Signup and view all the answers

Who exhibits Imperfect Voluntariness according to the text?

A person acting without full awareness or intention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Intention

The intention is a movement of the will toward the end, concerning the goal of the activity
The end is the first goal of the intention, indicating the purpose pursued in the action

The Circumstances

The circumstances, including consequences, are secondary elements of a moral act
They contribute to increasing or diminishing the moral goodness or evil of human acts
The object, intention, and circumstances make up the three "sources" of the morality of human acts

Morally Good Act

A morally good act requires the goodness of its object, end, and circumstances together
An evil action cannot be justified by reference to a good intention

Module 2: Basic Key Concepts in Ethics

Explain the similarities and differences between "ethics" and "morality"
Articulate the importance of ethics in one's life
Judge whether a dilemma is a moral dilemma or not
Identify which determinants of morality are involved in a certain dilemma
Demonstrate understanding of fundamental concepts in ethics and morality, such as knowledge, voluntariness, and impartiality

What is Ethics?

Ethics is derived from the Greek word "ethos," meaning moral character
Ethics is also called moral philosophy, involving the systematization, defense, and recommendation of concepts of right and wrong behavior
Ethics is a philosophical science that involves a subject matter with content, a process of decision-making, and well-based standards of right and wrong

Characteristics of Ethics

Acts that are free and voluntary
Acts done with knowledge and consent
Acts that are proper to humans as humans
Acts that are under human control and for which humans are responsible for their consequences
Acts for which humans have the power of doing or not doing as they please

Human Acts

Human acts require moral responsibility derived from a person
A personal conviction of what is "right and wrong" becomes a social duty that must be put into action

Three-fold Elements of Human Acts

Knowledge

Awareness or being conscious of one's actions, including their possible consequences
Provides a framework for deliberating about the most appropriate technique(s) by which the good can be attained
Example: An insane person and a three-year-old child are not liable for their actions since they are not capable of acting with proper knowledge

Freedom of the Will

The power that human beings have in determining their actions according to the judgment of their reasons
Involves a choice or option of whether to do or not to do a certain action
Without this freedom of choice, responsibility and/or liability on the part of the individual would be meaningless

Voluntariness

The act of consenting or accepting a certain action, whether it is done whole-heartedly, half-heartedly, or non-heartedly
Agapay's four modes of voluntariness: perfect, imperfect, conditional, and simple

Determinants of Morality

Object Chosen

A good toward which the will deliberately directs itself
The chosen object resides outside the acting subject
The object chosen morally specifies the act of the will, insofar as reason recognizes and judges it to be or not to be in conformity with the true good

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Test your knowledge on ethics as a decision-making process and the study of ethical standards. Explore concepts such as right and wrong, accountability, societal benefits, and virtues.