Week 2: Cultural Relativism and Subjectivism

<p>They believe that objective values are non-existent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frankena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It deprives others of access to the book. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He thinks 'who cares?' about other people's feelings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack a moral reason to refrain from wrongful acts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religious justification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Love and respect for God. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on fear rather than positive emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is mostly subjective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One may justify harmful actions if they serve their interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some ethical claims can be judged as wrong or bad from a general standpoint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A belief that the act is inherently wrong. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethical wrongs can exist independently of rules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A law allowing discrimination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates a recognition of objective values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some rules can contradict ethical reasoning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal experiences that contradict general ethical claims. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What makes the act wrong in an ethical sense? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistency in considering harm to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reflect a general understanding of good and harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They recognize the inconsistency in their reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires a consideration of the interests of others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As universally bad, affecting others too. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining how to weigh self-interest against others' interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impartiality in considering everyone’s interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Others should care about their well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a general argument that can be applied universally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concern for the victims. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Putting on socks in the wrong order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some may only care for familiar individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot solely depend on the hope of reciprocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some people do not have a concern for others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not constitute proper motivation for morality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being a hit-and-run driver. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a sense of guilt about an action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resentment and empathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thief thinks only of their immediate benefit without considering others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is universal and should apply to all beings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believe others should be more considerate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should recognize their own rights and feelings about being wronged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ignores the implications of personal connection to the victim. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding others' feelings can foster more considerate behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral values are relative to one's culture, and there's no neutral standpoint to judge other cultures' values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are imposing the standards of their own society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages greater tolerance and acceptance of other cultures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By pooling everyone's ideas to create norms that have wide spread support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are typically based on the values of one's own culture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Other sides are simply 'different'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes greater conformity and acceptance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tolerance is a concept that is emphasized due to the understanding and acceptance of cultural differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anything that is socially approved must thereby be considered morally good. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers little help in establishing common norms between societies, which is problematic as moral disputes increase in importance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral realism can assert that such actions are objectively wrong and that societies endorsing them need to change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cultural relativist believes that anything socially approved in a culture is good. Respecting cultural differences does not require this belief. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study other cultures who handle these issues better. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It underscores the need for a framework to navigate conflicting values and establish common norms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Navigating conflicting moral expectations and determining its ethical obligations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral realism proposes that moral facts exist independently of human opinion, but cultural relativism denies that there are moral facts at all. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are determined by societal approval. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral codes are culturally constructed and vary across societies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each society's moral standards are equally valid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It argues that moral principles are culturally dependent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral absolutism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral standards evolve with societal changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different cultures can produce vastly different moral codes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to moral nihilism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An American philosopher who argued for objective ethics.

Ethical claims that can be universally recognized as valid.

Actions that cause pain without justifiable reasons.

Determining if rules align with ethical principles.

The belief that ethical claims are based on personal views.

The unease felt when considering unethical actions.

Nagel's contributions to ethics impacted policies like affirmative action.

Assessing actions based on principles of right and wrong.

A system of principles concerning right and wrong behavior.

The personal gain or benefit from actions.

Effects of one's actions on other people.

The outcomes that result from decisions made.

Moral principles based on religious beliefs.

Following divine rules due to faith and love.

Situations where a difficult choice must be made due to conflicting moral principles.

Justifications individuals use to commit unethical acts.

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

A reasoning approach that urges consideration of others' feelings in decisions.

A feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or something perceived as wrong.

Thoughtfulness towards others' feelings and interests.

The principle of treating others as you wish to be treated.

Actions that show a lack of thought for others' feelings.

Understanding that one's actions impact others in society.

Ethical claims that are true independent of individual beliefs or opinions.

An action is wrong in itself, regardless of external prohibitions.

God's prohibitions do not determine what is wrong; they acknowledge existing moral truths.

Motives like fear of punishment are inadequate justifications for morality.

Morality should apply to all individuals, irrespective of personal connections.

Many individuals may not care about others, creating a barrier to universal concerns.

A necessary foundation for morality involves caring about the welfare of others.

An argument against causing harm can be communicated universally through language.

The idea that moral considerations should not favor anyone over others.

Nagel argues that some wrongs are universally recognizable.

Nagel questions why we prioritize close relationships over all others.

A perspective that seeks an objective moral understanding.

Challenges arise when implying equal concern for all individuals.

The principle that one should act in ways that align with their moral beliefs about others.

A system of moral principles that guides behavior towards others.

Considering everyone's interests equally without bias towards oneself or close relations.

The belief that morality is based on universal principles, not individual feelings.

Putting the interests of others above one's own interests in decision-making.

The process of balancing one's own interests against those of others when making decisions.

The belief that there are objective moral truths applicable to all.

The view that moral norms are defined by cultural context.

Fundamental rights that apply to all humans, regardless of culture.

Conflicts faced by corporations operating in differing ethical cultures.

Challenges related to family relationships that impact society's wellbeing.

Disputes arising from differing cultural beliefs and morals.

Moral disputes that arise between different cultures or nations.

Conflicts between societies over differing moral values leading to war.

The belief that moral principles are defined by societal approval and cultural context.

The concept that what is considered 'good' is based on what society endorses.

A fictional character who embodies and explains cultural relativism.

The idea that morals are created by societies, similar to styles of food and clothing.

Accepted standards and rules within a society that dictate appropriate behavior.

Morality is shaped by cultural contexts and societal norms prevalent in a particular place.

Objective morality claims universality, while cultural relativism insists morals change by culture.

The concept that moral beliefs and practices differ from one culture to another.

Acceptance of diverse cultural practices instead of judgment.

The idea that ethical values are influenced by personal or cultural beliefs.

A moral basis that is shared within a culture, reflecting collective values.

The values and norms that are accepted within a specific culture.

The act of judging another culture using one’s own cultural standards.

Moral issues differ from scientific ones; values can't be experimentally validated.

The process where individuals from different cultures share and learn from each other.