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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between Ethical Subjectivism and Ethical Objectivism?
What is the main difference between Ethical Subjectivism and Ethical Objectivism?
Ethical Subjectivism claims that morality is dependent on feelings, attitudes, or standards of a person or group, while Ethical Objectivism believes that morality is objective.
Who developed the concept of Emotivism and what does it entail?
Who developed the concept of Emotivism and what does it entail?
Emotivism was developed by Charles L. Stevenson. It suggests that ethical judgments are commands and exclamations, not fact-stating sentences.
Define Reason and Impartiality in the context of moral deliberation.
Define Reason and Impartiality in the context of moral deliberation.
Reason is the basis or motive for an action, while Impartiality refers to even-handedness or fair-mindedness based on objective criteria.
According to Arthur Schopenhauer, what are the essential qualities of the human Will?
According to Arthur Schopenhauer, what are the essential qualities of the human Will?
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What is Willpower and its role in decision-making?
What is Willpower and its role in decision-making?
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Explain the importance of feelings in ethical judgment and how they are developed.
Explain the importance of feelings in ethical judgment and how they are developed.
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What is the primary distinction between Ethical Subjectivism and Ethical Objectivism?
What is the primary distinction between Ethical Subjectivism and Ethical Objectivism?
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In Emotivism, ethical judgments are primarily viewed as?
In Emotivism, ethical judgments are primarily viewed as?
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What does it mean to exhibit moral courage?
What does it mean to exhibit moral courage?
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How did German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer describe the essential qualities of the human Will?
How did German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer describe the essential qualities of the human Will?
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What is the role of reason in moral deliberation?
What is the role of reason in moral deliberation?
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How are Ethics and Feelings intertwined in ethical judgment?
How are Ethics and Feelings intertwined in ethical judgment?
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Study Notes
### Ethical Subjectivism vs. Ethical Objectivism
- Ethical Subjectivism claims that moral truths are relative to the individual, while Ethical Objectivism holds that moral truths are independent of individual opinion.
Emotivism
- Developed by A.J. Ayer and C.L. Stevenson.
- Ethical judgments are expressions of emotions or attitudes rather than objective facts.
Reason and Impartiality
- Reason: The ability to think critically and apply logic to moral dilemmas.
- Impartiality: Treating all individuals equally and fairly, without bias or personal preferences.
Schopenhauer's View of the Will
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Essential Qualities:
- Unconscious, driving force behind all human actions.
- Blind, insatiable, and constantly striving for satisfaction.
- Source of all suffering.
Willpower
- The ability to control impulses and act in accordance with reasoned decisions.
- Plays a key role in ethical decision-making by enabling individuals to resist immediate desires and pursue long-term goals.
Feelings and Ethical Judgement
- Feelings play a significant role in shaping moral judgments.
- They help us understand and empathize with others, leading to compassionate and ethical behavior.
- Experience and upbringing contribute to the development of feelings, thereby shaping moral perspectives.
Moral Courage
- The willingness to act on one's ethical beliefs, even in the face of adversity, fear, or social pressure.
- It requires strength and conviction to stand up for what is right, even when it is unpopular or difficult.
### Schopenhauer's Description of the Will
- He described it as "a blind urge" and "the essence of all things."
- He believed the Will was the primary force driving human behavior, often leading to dissatisfaction and suffering.
Reason and Moral Deliberation
- Plays a crucial role in ethical decision-making by providing a framework for analysis, argumentation, and justification of moral judgments.
- Enables individuals to identify relevant factors, consider consequences, and weigh different ethical options.
Ethics and Feelings
- They are closely intertwined.
- Feelings often motivate our initial moral judgments, while reason helps us refine and justify those judgments.
- A balance between emotions and reason is essential for ethical decision-making.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Ethical Subjectivism and Emotivism, which are theories in ethics that focus on the subjectivity of moral values. Learn about the principles of morality being dependent on feelings, attitudes, and standards of individuals or groups, as well as the development and concepts of Emotivism by Charles L. Stevenson.
