NURS8002 Theory Quiz 1 Practice test (based off study guide)
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of knowledge as described in the text?

  • It is fixed and unchanging
  • It is solely based on clinical reasoning
  • It is tentative and refined over time (correct)
  • It is developed through research only

    • How is theory defined in the context of the text?

  • A set of random concepts
  • A single philosophical belief
  • Logical interrelated concepts from which hypotheses can be derived (correct)
  • Collection of unrelated propositions

    • What is the purpose of conducting research according to the text?

  • To ignore variables
  • To confuse established theories
  • To generate new theory and improve care (correct)
  • To stick to existing theories

    • What does clinical reasoning provide according to the text?

    <p>Basis for justification of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evidence-based practice a blend of according to the text?

    <p>Research-based information, clinical expertise, patient preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nursing experience refer to as per the text?

    <p>Unique and active process of defining personal knowledge and skills over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Grand theories according to the text?

    <p>They are nonspecific and composed of primarily abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Middle range theories described in the text?

    <p>Specific with a limited number of concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of borrowed theories as mentioned in the text?

    <p>They are often very applicable to nursing practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing research, what is required when using a borrowed theory?

    <p>Ensuring use adheres to theory assumptions and concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of experience according to the text?

    <p>Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should guide decisions and clinical practice according to the text?

    <p>Established theory and scientific evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are primary references preferred over secondary references?

    <p>Primary references present original research as intended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should one avoid plagiarism when using APA format?

    <p>By including quotation marks or paraphrase, page number, and reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first modern nursing theorist according to the text?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which time period was subjective knowledge prominent in nursing?

    <p>1950s-1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is epistemology in the context of nursing?

    <p>Study of knowledge acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organizing framework that influences how a discipline interprets reality called?

    <p>&quot;Paradigm&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory development phase viewed nursing as a scientific discipline?

    <p>&quot;Procedural knowledge&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a nursing paradigm include?

    <p>Person, health, nursing, environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nurses need to do when they borrow theories from other disciplines?

    <p>Ensure appropriate adaptation and integration with nursing concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes nursing research from other types of research?

    <p>The focus on nursing practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of deductive research?

    <p>Begins with deriving testable ideas from theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nursing theories essentially define?

    <p>The scope of nursing practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nursing theories considered crucial to the concept of nursing?

    <p>To provide foundational knowledge that justifies nursing methodologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key reason for borrowing theories from other disciplines in nursing?

    <p>To enhance understanding in the realm of nursing actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abstract level of theory?

    <p>Metatheory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory describes and names concepts without explaining their interrelationships?

    <p>Descriptive Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kuhn's structuring of scientific revolutions suggests that disciplines can have multiple paradigms leading to:

    <p>Continued learning and evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory describes the relationship between concepts and is generated and tested by experimental research involving manipulation of phenomenon and/or concepts?

    <p>Predictive Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of knowing comes from observation, testing, and replication?

    <p>Empirics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of Carper's four fundamental patterns for nursing knowledge?

    <p>Somatic knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of theory prescribes activities necessary to reach defined goals and includes specified goals or outcomes?

    <p>Prescriptive Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge pertains to knowledge gained from thought alone?

    <p>Personal knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carper describe as the art of nursing in her four fundamental patterns for nursing knowledge?

    <p>Esthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Empirics' in nursing represent which form of knowing?

    <p>The scientific form of knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Moral or ethical knowledge' in nursing involves knowledge of what?

    <p>'What is right and wrong'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Personal knowledge' in nursing pertains to which kind of knowledge?

    <p>'A priori knowledge'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Intuitive knowledge' in nursing includes what type of understanding?

    <p>'Includes feelings and hunches'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Somatic knowledge' in nursing involves understanding what aspect?

    <p>'Experimental use of muscles and balance to perform a physical task'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of theory development, what is the aspect in which structure and contextualization of content occurs?

    <p>Theory construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory is specific and has a limited number of concepts?

    <p>Middle range theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an operational definition?

    <p>Pain measured on a scale of zero (no pain) and ten (high pain)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a graphic or symbolic representation of a phenomena called?

    <p>A model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a model do?

    <p>Presents concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to beliefs about phenomena that one must accept when trying to accept a theory as true?

    <p>Assumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between conceptual and operational definitions?

    <p>Conceptual definitions are word definitions, operational ones are how things are measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do constructs represent?

    <p>Complex types of concepts constructed by theorists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning starts broad and then narrows down?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hypotheses from relationship statements?

    <p>Hypotheses are specific relationships between concepts, while relationship statements are tentative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term represents the designation of an aspect of reality that is the primary concern of a discipline?

    <p>Phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a conceptual framework do?

    <p>Symbolically represents concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assumptions in theories?

    <p>To be accepted as true when accepting a theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between constructs and concepts?

    <p>Constructs are complex types of concepts, concepts are elements or components of a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning starts narrow and then goes broader?

    <p>Inductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes constructs from concepts?

    <p>Constructs are complex types of concepts, while concepts are elements or components of a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evidence-based practice in nursing?

    <p>To use research-based information in decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does clinical reasoning contribute to nursing practice?

    <p>It provides the basis for action justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge in nursing is developed over time through active engagement in nursing situations?

    <p>Personal knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a theory different from knowledge in the context of the text?

    <p>Knowledge is tentative and refined over time, while theory is a set of interrelated concepts used for explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of conducting research in nursing practice?

    <p>To describe, explain, or predict variables for improving care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blending research-based information with clinical expertise essential in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To enhance decision-making by incorporating current research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes grand theories from middle range theories?

    <p>Grand theories are nonspecific and composed of primarily abstract concepts, while middle range theories are specific with a limited number of concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement when a researcher uses a borrowed theory in nursing research?

    <p>Ensuring adherence to the assumptions and concepts of the borrowed theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes nursing research that is theory generating, as per the text?

    <p>Application of a qualitative approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the Theory of Chronic Sorrow developed, according to the text?

    <p>Concept analysis, literature review, and qualitative studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of experience according to the text?

    <p>Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes constructs from concepts in theory development?

    <p>Constructs are broader ideas that encompass several related concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assumptions in theories according to the text?

    <p>To offer an understanding of the discipline's reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of knowing do 'Empirics' represent in nursing?

    <p>Knowledge from evidence and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hypotheses from relationship statements in theory development?

    <p>Relationship statements describe associations between variables without predicting outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nursing theories considered crucial to the concept of nursing?

    <p>To guide and explain nursing practices and care decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should guide decisions and clinical practice according to the text?

    <p>Evidence from research and established theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a Grand Theory?

    <p>Involves abstract concepts and nonspecificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory focuses on naming and describing concepts without explaining interrelationships?

    <p>Descriptive Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Metatheory from other types of theories?

    <p>It is theory about theory and the most abstract level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use concepts from other disciplines appropriately?

    <p>To enhance understanding from various perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory is characterized by being situation-specific and prescriptive?

    <p>Practice Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Descriptive Theory primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Describe and observe concepts without explaining interrelationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for nurses to articulate evidence that justifies the methodologies behind their practice?

    <p>To enhance the credibility of nursing as a profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Practice Theories from Grand Theories?

    <p>They are situational and prescriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should nurses do when incorporating shared theories from other disciplines into their practice?

    <p>Ensure concepts are redefined according to a nursing perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Descriptive Theories and Explanatory Theories?

    <p>Descriptive Theories name and describe; Explanatory Theories explain relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many nursing theories incorporate concepts shared with other disciplines?

    <p>To guide theory development, research, and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about borrowed theories in nursing as mentioned in the text?

    <p>They significantly alter the essence of nursing theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory describes the relationship between concepts and can be quantitative?

    <p>Predictive Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What knowledge pertains to beauty, harmony, and expression in nursing?

    <p>Esthetic knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically part of a theory?

    <p>Manipulation of phenomenon and concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing, what kind of knowledge involves feelings and hunches, relying on nonconscious recognition?

    <p>Intuitive knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory prescribes activities necessary to reach defined goals in nursing?

    <p>Prescriptive Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of knowing that includes experimental use of muscles and balance in relation to physical movement?

    <p>Somatic knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a characteristic of Predictive Theories but not Explanatory Theories?

    <p>Quantitative nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Personal knowledge' in nursing pertains to which type of understanding?

    <p>&quot;A priori&quot; knowledge gained from thought alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Empirics' in nursing represent which form of knowing?

    <p>&quot;The scientific form of knowing; comes from observation, testing, and replication&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ethics: moral knowledge in nursing' involves knowledge of what?

    <p>&quot;Right and wrong; values and social norms of behavior&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Explanatory Theories in nursing?

    <p>Relating concepts to each other and specifying associations between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Predictive Theories differ from Prescriptive Theories in nursing?

    <p>Predictive Theories involve manipulation while Prescriptive Theories prescribe activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to beliefs about phenomena that one must accept when trying to accept a theory as true?

    <p>Assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting research according to the text?

    <p>To test hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do constructs represent?

    <p>Complex types of concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Moral or ethical knowledge' in nursing involves knowledge of what?

    <p>Ethical principles and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Somatic knowledge' in nursing involves understanding what aspect?

    <p>Physiological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes constructs from concepts?

    <p>Constructs are purposeful creations, while concepts are natural phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Personal knowledge' in nursing pertains to which kind of knowledge?

    <p>Subjective understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Moral or ethical knowledge' in nursing involves knowledge of what?

    <p>Ethical principles and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Somatic knowledge' in nursing involves understanding what aspect?

    <p>Physiological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key reason for borrowing theories from other disciplines in nursing?

    <p>To enhance understanding and development of nursing science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organizing framework that contains concepts, theories, assumptions, beliefs, and principles affecting the way a discipline interprets areas of concern?

    <p>Paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of nursing, what is the process that involves nurses intentionally thinking, identifying relationships, and forming judgments about information?

    <p>Clinical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes theories that are specific, focusing on a limited number of concepts?

    <p>Middle range theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge might be exemplified by a nurse observing proper hand washing practices to prevent infections in patients?

    <p>Empirical knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of theory constructs?

    <p>Complex concepts created for theoretical models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for pain measurement on a scale from zero (no pain) to ten (high pain)?

    <p>Operational definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves starting with general concepts and applying them to specific situations?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of practice theories in nursing?

    <p>&quot;Practice&quot; theories are situation-specific and less complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Peer-reviewed journals such as International Journal of Nursing Studies" best describe which type of publication?

    <p>&quot;Scholarly journals&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Hypothesis or proposition" is another term used to describe what in the context of theoretical frameworks?

    <p>&quot;Relationship statement&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Meta-analysis" is typically associated with which type of theories in nursing?

    <p>&quot;Grand theories&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Modeling a phenomena graphically or symbolically" best describes which term in nursing theory development?

    <p>&quot;A theoretical construct&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of evidence-based practice in nursing?

    <p>To blend research-based information with patient preferences and clinical expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes clinical reasoning as an important nursing skill?

    <p>It provides the basis for justification of actions and the ability to think critically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conducting research in a practice discipline like nursing?

    <p>To contribute to improving care by refining, testing, and generating new theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does knowledge in a discipline like nursing tend to be over time?

    <p>Tentative, expanded, and refined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates theory from knowledge within a discipline?

    <p>Knowledge is derived from research-based information, while theory involves logical concepts and propositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does evidence-based practice differ from traditional practice in nursing?

    <p>Traditional practice relies solely on personal experiences, while evidence-based practice blends research with expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of nursing research according to the text?

    <p>Focused on nursing practice and/or topics of interest to nurses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement when using a borrowed theory in nursing research?

    <p>Adhering to the concepts of the theory and assuming its principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research approach is typically involved in theory-generating nursing research?

    <p>Qualitative approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the Theory of Chronic Sorrow developed according to the text?

    <p>By concept analysis, literature review, and qualitative studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of experience according to the text?

    <p>Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are primary references preferred over secondary references?

    <p>Primary references present original research as intended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing theory development, who is considered the first modern nursing theorist?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the origins of nursing knowledge known as?

    <p>Epistemology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of theory development focused on developing theory to guide practice?

    <p>Constructed knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a nursing paradigm include?

    <p>Concepts, theories, assumptions, beliefs, and principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge pertains to understanding gained from thought alone?

    <p>'Aesthetics'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes grand theories from middle-range theories?

    <p>Scope and generalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a Grand Theory in nursing?

    <p>Primarily composed of abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Middle Range Theories from Practice Theories?

    <p>Level of abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Descriptive Theories in nursing?

    <p>Naming and describing concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect best describes the purpose of Metatheory in nursing?

    <p>Discussing abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central characteristic of Practice Theory in nursing?

    <p>Prescriptive and situation-specific focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Borrowed Theories differ from Nursing Theories according to the text?

    <p>They are not defined from a nursing perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of theory development, what type of theories try to understand 'what's going on' without explaining interrelationships?

    <p>'Descriptive' Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Descriptive Theories' in nursing are primarily associated with which of the following?

    <p>'Naming and describing concepts'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Naming theories' and 'Classification theories' are examples of what type of theories mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Descriptive' Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Empirics' Theories in nursing primarily focus on which aspect?

    <p>Quantifying phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets Middle Range Theory apart from Grand Theory in nursing?

    <p>Number of concepts involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a Practice Theory from a Middle Range Theory?

    <p>Degree of specificity in concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organizing framework that contains concepts, theories, assumptions, and beliefs affecting the way a discipline interprets areas of concern?

    <p>Meta-theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory involves going from general reasoning to specific situations, such as applying proper positioning techniques to reduce patient pain?

    <p>Prescriptive theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing, what form of knowing comes from observation, testing, and replication?

    <p>Empirics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes grand theories from middle-range theories in nursing?

    <p>Complexity and scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a relationship statement in a theory?

    <p>Proposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory is characterized by being situation-specific and prescriptive?

    <p>Practice theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a theory construct usually represent?

    <p>A complex concept created for a purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Empirics' in nursing represent which form of knowing?

    <p>'Observation-based'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Personal knowledge' in nursing pertains to which kind of knowledge?

    <p>'Subjective knowledge'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Somatic knowledge' in nursing involves understanding what aspect?

    <p>'Physical sensations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of Predictive Theories as described in the text?

    <p>They describe the relationship between concepts and are generated and tested by experimental research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge in nursing involves feelings and hunches based on nonconscious pattern recognition and experience?

    <p>Intuitive knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Prescriptive Theories according to the text?

    <p>To prescribe activities necessary to reach defined goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Personal knowledge differ from Empirics in nursing?

    <p>Personal knowledge involves feelings and hunches, whereas Empirics is the scientific form of knowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT a part of Prescriptive Theories as described in the text?

    <p>Descriptive nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Esthetic knowledge in nursing according to the text?

    <p>It relates to beauty, harmony, and expression incorporating art, creativity, and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Somatic knowledge in nursing?

    <p>Knowledge of the body in relation to physical movement; includes experimental use of muscles and balance to perform a physical task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of theory describes interactions between factors and beliefs leading to specific decisions or behaviors?

    <p>Explanatory Theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Carper's fundamental patterns for nursing knowledge, what does 'esthetics' primarily focus on?

    <p>The art of nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Empirics different from Intuitive knowledge in nursing?

    <p>Empirics pertains to scientific observation; Intuitive knowledge relies on nonconscious pattern recognition and hunches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental aspect distinguishes Descriptive Theories as mentioned in the text?

    <p>They focus on naming and describing concepts without explaining interrelationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves starting narrow and then going broader?

    <p>Inductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a conceptual definition and an operational definition?

    <p>Conceptual definitions describe how something is measured, while operational definitions provide word definitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of constructs in theories?

    <p>Constructs are building blocks of theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a relationship statement from a hypothesis?

    <p>Relationship statements describe links between concepts, while hypotheses propose tentative relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a conceptual framework?

    <p>A broad set of interrelated concepts conveying an image of a phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a model in the context of nursing theory development primarily aim to do?

    <p>Objectify and present certain perspectives on nature or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically part of a theory in nursing?

    <p>'What if' scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of constructing relationship statements in nursing theories?

    <p>To establish specific connections between concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do constructs differ from concepts in theoretical frameworks?

    <p>'Constructs' are complex concepts constructed by theorists, while 'concepts' are elements or components of a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In theoretical reasoning, what is the primary goal of using deductive reasoning?

    <p>To confirm specific hypotheses with broader theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes assumptions from hypotheses?

    <p>Assumptions are beliefs about phenomena accepted as true, while hypotheses propose tentative relationships between concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Knowledge and Theory

    • Knowledge is characterized by its dynamic, evolving nature, gained through experience and research.
    • Theory is defined as a systematic explanation of phenomena, articulating relationships between concepts.

    Research and Clinical Reasoning

    • The primary purpose of conducting research is to advance knowledge, improve clinical practice, and enhance patient outcomes.
    • Clinical reasoning provides a structured approach to decision-making in nursing, integrating evidence with patient preferences and clinical expertise.

    Evidence-Based Practice

    • Evidence-based practice is a blend of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best current evidence.
    • Nursing experience refers to practical knowledge accumulated through direct interaction and engagement in clinical settings.

    Theories in Nursing

    • Grand theories are broad and abstract, addressing fundamental principles of nursing practice.
    • Middle range theories are more specific and focused on particular phenomena, often derived from grand theories.
    • Borrowed theories serve as a framework to inform nursing practice; careful evaluation and adaptation to nursing contexts are essential when using these theories.

    Research Methodology

    • Nursing research utilizing borrowed theories requires a clear understanding of the original theory's context and applicability.
    • The defining characteristic of experience is its cumulative nature, shaped by diverse encounters in nursing.

    Decision-Making and References

    • Decisions in clinical practice should be guided by the best available evidence, ensuring informed choices that benefit patients.
    • Primary references are preferred as they provide original research findings, reducing potential misinterpretation compared to secondary sources.

    Academic Integrity

    • To avoid plagiarism in APA format, proper citation of sources is necessary, ensuring credit is given to original authors.

    Historical Context

    • Florence Nightingale is recognized as the first modern nursing theorist.
    • Subjective knowledge was prominent in nursing during the late 19th to early 20th century.

    Philosophical Aspects

    • Epistemology within nursing pertains to the study of knowledge development and justification in the discipline.
    • A paradigm influences how a discipline interprets reality and organizes knowledge.

    Theory Development Phases

    • The phase of viewing nursing as a scientific discipline aligns with the evolution of nursing theories.
    • A nursing paradigm includes four elements: person, environment, health, and nursing.

    Borrowing Theories

    • When borrowing theories from other disciplines, nurses must critically assess their relevance and adapt them to nursing practice.
    • Nursing research distinguishes itself through its focus on the health and psychosocial needs of patients, oftentimes applying a patient-centered approach.

    Research Characteristics

    • Deductive research starts with a broad premise, narrowing down through specific hypotheses and tests.
    • Nursing theories define the scope and focus of nursing practice, serving as guiding frameworks for research and practice.

    Importance of Theories

    • Nursing theories are crucial as they shape the foundation of nursing knowledge, guiding practice and improving patient care.
    • The key reason for borrowing theories is to enhance understanding and foster innovative approaches in nursing practice.

    Theory Abstractness and Types

    • Grand theories represent the most abstract level of theoretical understanding in nursing.
    • Descriptive theories name and categorize concepts without explaining their interrelationships, whereas explanatory theories clarify relationships and propose mechanisms.

    Scientific Paradigms

    • Kuhn's concept of scientific revolutions suggests disciplines can operate under multiple paradigms, impacting theoretical development.

    Types of Knowledge

    • Empirics involve knowledge gained from observation and research; practical knowledge reflects skills and competencies developed over time.
    • Moral or ethical knowledge concerns principles of right and wrong in nursing practice.
    • Personal knowledge in nursing encompasses understanding derived from individual experiences and introspection.

    Theory Components and Constructs

    • Assumptions in theories provide foundational beliefs necessary for theoretical validation.
    • Constructs represent important abstractions that capture essential qualities of phenomena within a theory.

    Reasoning Forms

    • Deductive reasoning begins with general principles and narrows down to specific instances, while inductive reasoning broadens from observations to generalizations.
    • Hypotheses differ from relationship statements in that they are testable predictions about expected outcomes.

    Conceptual Framework and Models

    • A conceptual framework offers a structure for understanding relationships among concepts, guiding research and practice.
    • A model serves as a visual or symbolic representation of phenomena, aiding in comprehension and application.

    Self-Understanding in Nursing

    • Personal knowledge reflects emotional awareness and intuitive insights gained through experience in nursing situations.
    • Somatic knowledge pertains to bodily awareness and the physical experience of health care.

    Theoretical Utility

    • Descriptive theories aim to outline and categorize phenomena, while prescriptive theories offer directives for practice.
    • The purpose of evidence-based practice is to ensure that nursing interventions are grounded in the latest and most reliable evidence.

    Clinical Engagement and Knowledge Application

    • Blending research-based information with clinical expertise is vital for effective nursing practice, ensuring patient-centered care.
    • Nurses must articulate the rationale behind their methodologies to validate their practices and outcomes within the nursing discipline.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of definitions related to ethical knowledge and clinical reasoning. Identify the correct definitions and concepts in the field of philosophy and scientific data.

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