Ethical Hacking Overview and Assessment

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Questions and Answers

What technique would you ideally use to get all of the hostnames associated with a domain?

Zone transfer (correct)

Zone copy

Recursive request

DNS query

If you were to notice operating system commands inside a DNS request while looking at a packet capture, what might you be looking at?

Tunneling attack (correct)

XML entity injection

DNS recursion

DNS amplification

What would be the purpose of running a ping sweep?

Initiate a denial of service attack.

Identify responsive hosts without a port scan. (correct)

Utilize a protocol that may be allowed through the firewall.

Use something that is light on network traffic.

How many functions are specified by NIST’s cybersecurity framework?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What would be one reason not to write malware in Python?

The Python interpreter is slow. Signup and view all the answers

If you saw the following command line, what would you be capturing? `tcpdump -i eth2 host 192.168.10.5`

Traffic to and from 192.168.10.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is Diffie-Hellman used for?

Key exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which social engineering principle may allow a phony call from the help desk to be effective?

Authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the CEH certification exam?

To evaluate practical skills and adherence to a code of conduct. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modules is NOT included in the CEH v12 training?

Cryptocurrency Mining Signup and view all the answers

What type of tools might be included for footprinting and reconnaissance?

Nmap for port scanning Signup and view all the answers

Why is practical experience important for individuals preparing for the CEH exam?

The exam requires experience with methods and tools. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the code of conduct expected from a CEH certification holder?

It requires discretion and confidentiality in professional service. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the CEH v12 training that distinguishes it from purely theoretical exams?

Hands-on experience with hacking tools. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the CEH certification, what does the module on 'Hacking Web Applications' primarily address?

Vulnerabilities and attack methods specific to web applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of terms is relevant to the CEH certification's modules?

Sniffing - social engineering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methodologies is used in ethical hacking for investigating potential attacks?

Attack Lifecycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Parkerian Hexad in security foundations?

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, and Possession Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a vector for social engineering?

Pretexting Signup and view all the answers

In network security, which type of malware is designed to seize control of multiple systems to perform coordinated tasks?

Botnet Signup and view all the answers

Which smartphone vulnerability is characterized by unauthorized access to data or services via Bluetooth technology?

Bluejacking Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Defense in Depth' refer to in cybersecurity?

Using multiple layers of security measures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protocols is specifically designed for error messages and operational information transmission in IP networks?

ICMP Signup and view all the answers

What type of scanning method allows attackers to determine which ports on a network are open?

Port Scanning Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of fileless malware?

Runs entirely in volatile memory Signup and view all the answers

Which attack method exploits website functionality to manipulate user inputs for unauthorized actions?

SQL Injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in network security?

To monitor and alert on potential threats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of 'Threat Modeling' in cybersecurity?

Analyzing and prioritizing potential threats Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes unauthorized access to a network by exploiting a vulnerability at the application layer?

Application Exploitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a security policy within an organization?

To offer high-level guidance on the role of security Signup and view all the answers

Which encoding method is specifically designed to make nonprintable characters readable in text?

Base64 encoding Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNS record would you use to identify a mail server?

MX record Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of a zone transfer in the DNS context?

Retrieving all contents of a DNS zone Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a tunneling attack from other types of cyber attacks?

It hides one protocol inside another Signup and view all the answers

Why might a network administrator choose to perform a ping sweep?

To detect responsive hosts without a full port scan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five functions specified by the NIST cybersecurity framework?

Infiltrate Signup and view all the answers

What generally happens during a DNS amplification attack?

Large responses overwhelm a target system Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Rain Forest Puppy Policy?

To collaborate with vendors to fix issues before disclosure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential consequence of immediate public disclosure of vulnerabilities?

Potential exposure of innocent users to attacks. Signup and view all the answers

How did Dan Kaminsky exemplify responsible vulnerability disclosure?

He worked with vendors to fix flaws before disclosing them. Signup and view all the answers

What issue did Rain Forest Puppy highlight regarding how companies handled vulnerability notifications?

Companies often ignored hacker notifications. Signup and view all the answers

What problem arises from the slow pace of software development referenced in the Rain Forest Puppy Policy?

Hackers exploit vulnerabilities before they are fixed. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in the security community after the acceptance of the RFPolicy?

Enhanced collaboration on vulnerability findings. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the RFPolicy address the issues faced by researchers and software companies?

It promoted communication and allowed for time to fix vulnerabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical approach did Dan Kaminsky adhere to while finding flaws in the Domain Name System?

He communicated with vendors to resolve issues before disclosing them. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction

Provides an overview of the book's contents
Includes a brief introduction to ethical hacking
Explains the importance of understanding networking and security concepts for ethical hacking
Outlines the structure of the book and its key chapters

Assessment Test

A pre-assessment test designed to help readers assess their existing knowledge
Covers topics related to networking, security, and ethical hacking
Provides an opportunity to identify areas where readers may need to focus more attention

Chapter 1: Ethical Hacking

Defines ethical hacking as a specialized field that utilizes hacking techniques for legal purposes
Explores the ethical implications of hacking
Outlines the principles and guidelines for ethical hacking
Introduces key concepts like attack modeling and the MITRE ATT&CK Framework
Provides a detailed methodology for conducting ethical hacks
Describes phases of ethical hacking like reconnaissance, scanning, enumeration, gaining access and more

Chapter 2: Networking Foundations

Explains fundamental concepts related to computer networks
Covers different communication models like the OSI model and the TCP/IP model
Details various network topologies used in network architecture
Explains physical networking components and their role in network communication
Discusses Internet Protocol (IP) , TCP, UDP, and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Introduces cloud computing and types of cloud services
Explains the Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on networking

Chapter 3: Security Foundations

Describes the CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) and its relevance to security
Defines information assurance and risk management strategies
Introduces security policies, standards, and procedures for organizational security
Provides a comprehensive overview of various security technologies such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, anti-malware software, endpoint security, SIEM
Explains how these technologies can be used in layered security, also known as defense in depth
Highlights the significance of logging, auditing, and incident response for effective security posture

Chapter 4: Footprinting and Reconnaissance

Explores reconnaissance techniques used by ethical hackers to gather information about target organizations
Discusses open-source intelligence (OSINT) for researching company and individual information
Covers techniques like social networking analysis and Domain Name System (DNS) enumeration
Introduces different types of reconnaissance, such as passive and active reconnaissance
Details tools and techniques for extracting valuable情報 from websites and other online resources

Chapter 5: Scanning Networks

Explains how ethical hackers scan networks to identify vulnerable systems and services
Describes various scanning tools like nmap, masscan, and Metasploit
Covers ping sweeps and port scanning techniques
Introduces the concept of vulnerability scanning and tools like OpenVAS and Nessus
Explains how packet crafting and manipulation can be used in network attacks

Chapter 6: Enumeration

Focuses on techniques for gathering information about specific services and resources within a network
Covers various methods for enumerating services like RPC (Remote Procedure Calls), SMB (Server Message Block), SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Outlines countermeasures to mitigate enumeration risks
Explains how enumeration results can be used to identify vulnerabilities and assist in further exploitation

Chapter 7: System Hacking

Describes techniques used by ethical hackers to compromise computer systems
Explains how to utilize exploit databases to find vulnerabilities and exploit them.
Outlines methods for gathering passwords and using tools like John the Ripper, Rainbow Tables, and Kerberoasting
Covers client-side vulnerabilities and the concept of Living Off the Land techniques
Explains post-exploitation techniques like privilege escalation, pivoting, persistence, and covering tracks

Chapter 8: Malware

Introduces different types of malware, including viruses, worms, trojans, botnets, ransomware, and droppers
Explains the concept of fileless malware and polymorphic malware
Covers various malware analysis techniques, such as static and dynamic analysis
Discusses automated malware analysis tools
Outlines steps involved in creating malware, including writing code, using tools like Metasploit, and obfuscating code
Explores malware infrastructure and the effectiveness of antivirus software

Chapter 9: Sniffing

Explains the concept of packet sniffing, a technique used to intercept data transmitted over a network
Introduces popular packet capture tools like tcpdump, tshark, Wireshark, and Berkeley Packet Filter
Covers sniffing techniques like port mirroring/spanning
Outlines methods to detect sniffers on a network
Explains how packet analysis can be used to identify security risks
Details various spoofing attacks, including ARP spoofing, DNS spoofing, DHCP starvation, and sslstrip

Explains the concept of social engineering, a type of attack that manipulates people into revealing sensitive information
Covers common social engineering techniques such as pretexting, baiting, tailgating, and phishing
Discusses different vectors for social engineering attacks
Explains how social media and websites can be used in social engineering
Introduces techniques for automating social engineering attacks

Chapter 11: Wireless Security

Introduces Wi-Fi and its different network types, authentication methods, and encryption protocols
Discusses the concept of bring-your-own-device (BYOD)
Covers various Wi-Fi attacks, including rogue access points and evil twins
Explains security principles and practices for Wi-Fi networks
Covers Bluetooth vulnerabilities and potential attacks

Chapter 12: Attack and Defense

Explores various attacks on web applications, including OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities, web application firewalls, and other protective measures
Discusses different types of denial-of-service attacks, including bandwidth, slow, and historical attacks
Covers application vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and heap spraying
Outlines techniques for defending against attacks, including lateral movement, defense in depth, and defensible network architecture

Chapter 13: Cryptography

Introduces basic encryption concepts, including substitution ciphers and Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Covers symmetric key cryptography (DES, AES)
Explains asymmetric key cryptography and hybrid cryptosystems
Discusses certificate authorities, trusted third parties, self-signed certificates, and key management
Introduces cryptographic hashing functions
Explores PGP and S/MIME

Chapter 14: Security Architecture and Design

Introduces data classification and its role in security
Explains various security models, including state machine, Biba, Bell–LaPadula, and Clark–Wilson Integrity Model
Details different application architectures, such as n-tier, service-oriented, and cloud-based
Covers database security considerations
Explains the concept of zero-trust security architecture

Chapter 15: Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things

Provides an overview of cloud computing, its advantages, and various cloud services
Explains the shared responsibility model in cloud security
Compares public, private, and hybrid cloud models
Discusses security challenges and considerations related to cloud computing
Provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT), its impact on security, and potential vulnerabilities

Appendix: Answers to Review Questions

Provides solutions to review questions from each chapter
Helps readers assess their understanding of key concepts
Offers explanations and insights into correct answers

Index

A comprehensive index that allows readers to quickly locate specific topics, terms, and concepts
Provides easy access to relevant information within the book

Ethical Hacking & CEH Certification

The CEH Exam tests both technical knowledge and ethical hacking conduct.
Certified Ethical Hackers (CEH) are expected to maintain discretion and protect client information.
Businesses can trust CEH holders to keep their secrets and improve their security posture.

CEH Exam Modules

Introduction to Ethical Hacking
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Scanning Networks
Enumeration
Vulnerability Analysis
System Hacking
Malware Threats
Sniffing
Social Engineering
Denial of Service
Session Hijacking
Evading IDSs, Firewalls, and Honeypots
Hacking Web Servers
Hacking Web Applications
SQL Injection
Hacking Wireless Networks
Hacking Mobile Platforms
IoT and OT Hacking
Cloud Computing
Cryptography

Tools for CEH Exam

nmap for port scanning
Proxy-based web application attack tools
aircrack-ng for wireless network attacks
Dozens of potential tools for each module

CEH Exam Requirements

Technical knowledge: Theoretical knowledge alone is insufficient
Hands-on experience: Practical experience with tools and techniques is crucial

DNS Concepts

Zone Transfer: Retrieves all DNS entries from a targeted zone
Recursive Request: Caching server requests authoritative response from another server
Tunneling Attack: Hides one protocol inside another, possibly used to send OS commands.

Other Key Concepts

Ping Sweep: Identifies responsive hosts without full port scans.
NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Specifies five functions - Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover.
Gratuitous ARP: An ARP response without a corresponding request.
File Metadata: Typically includes creation, access, and modification times.
Exploiting Local Vulnerabilities: Can lead to privilege escalation.

Responsible Disclosure Policy

Rain Forest Puppy Policy (RFPolicy): Emphasizes collaboration with vendors to fix vulnerabilities before public disclosure.
Example of Responsible Disclosure: Dan Kaminsky's work in fixing DNS vulnerabilities worked with vendors before public disclosure.
Ethical Hacking: Using software in unintended ways to find and address vulnerabilities ethically before malicious actors exploit them.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz provides an introduction to the key concepts of ethical hacking, including the principles and guidelines for the field. It also includes a pre-assessment test to evaluate your existing knowledge of networking, security, and ethical hacking techniques. Prepare yourself for deeper learning in upcoming chapters!