Ethical Considerations in Stock Trading

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Questions and Answers

What is the potential risk of Jacobson not advising his branch manager of the transactions?

  • Preventing effective supervision of client accounts (correct)
  • Exposing Toyco Inc. to potential losses
  • Avoiding any liability for the firm
  • Exposing the clients to unknown risks

Why might the clients view Jacobson as a representative of the firm in facilitating the investment?

  • Because Jacobson did not advise his branch manager of the transactions
  • Because Jacobson obtained cheques from the clients
  • Because Jacobson mentioned this investment to other clients
  • Because Jacobson delivered share certificates registered in the clients’ names (correct)

What is the term used to describe dealings in securities outside of the normal business of the firm?

  • Supervisory negligence
  • Unknown risks exposure
  • Selling away or outside deals (correct)
  • Private arrangement

Why might firms be exposed to liability for the actions of their employees in effecting such trades?

<p>Because it's done without the knowledge of the firm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does van Nostrand spend at least one quarter of her time trading for her own account?

<p>To increase her potential profit and take advantage of stock bargains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding van Nostrand's actions?

<p>She is neglecting or compromising the level of service expected by her clients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should registrants avoid excessive risk when trading for personal accounts?

<p>To ensure that clients' accounts are not neglected or compromised. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Walter Garcia's participation in the political organization's protest?

<p>His occupation and firm were identified on the TV news. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Oliveira take after learning that the stock opened at $29.75?

<p>She quickly sold short 1,000 shares in her own account. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the director of the pension fund instruct Oliveira to do after she reported the stock opening below $30?

<p>To sell the entire position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Oliveira violate her regulatory responsibility to the client?

<p>By trading on material, non-public information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unethical practice is Oliveira accused of?

<p>Frontrunning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Policy 9A?

<p>To regulate full service dealers' acceptance of non-recommended trades without a suitability obligation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for members operating under a CSA exemption?

<p>Obtain Policy 9A exemptions from suitability within a year of the implementation of the IDA rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the accounts affected through Policy 9A from those used by any full service branch?

<p>They clearly label the accounts as 'order execution only' accounts or some variant thereof (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Policy 9B?

<p>To allow full service dealers to execute client orders without incurring a suitability obligation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal financial dealings should registrants avoid with clients?

<p>Sharing a financial interest in an account with a client (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should personal trading activity be kept to reasonable levels?

<p>To ensure enough time to service clients properly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should registrants conduct any personal financial or business dealings with clients?

<p>In such a way as to avoid any real or apparent conflict of interest and be disclosed to the firm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for other publicly visible activities in which registrants participate?

<p>They should be conducted moderately and responsibly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a dealer to obtain relief under Policy 9B?

<p>Establishing record keeping and supervisory systems, and ensuring all trades are marked as recommended (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when disputes between dealers and clients are resolved through civil litigation?

<p>Courts will generally hold that the IA owes a fiduciary duty to the client if investment advice and recommendations are provided to the client (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to avoid potential liability for potentially unsuitable purchases and sales of securities?

<p>Providing sound advice and making recommendations based on the financial and personal status of the client (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What duty does an Investment Advisor (IA) owe to the client in providing investment advice?

<p>A fiduciary duty if investment advice and recommendations are provided to the client and the client relies on such advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the Administrators do if they find that the provisions of their respective Acts have been violated?

<p>Recommend laying a charge against the offending party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum penalty for offences under the Ontario Securities Act after the passing of Bill 198?

<p>$5,000,000 fine and imprisonment for five years less a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does Bill 198 give to the OSC regarding noncompliance with Ontario securities law?

<p>Order the disgorgement of monies obtained as a result of noncompliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the amendments prohibit in relation to securities law noncompliance?

<p>Engaging in acts that perpetrate a fraud (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power did the Manitoba Securities Commission gain from the 2003 amendments?

<p>The power to order repayment when investors lose money due to improper conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What penalties can a commission panel order following a hearing on improper or illegal conduct?

<p>Reprimands, fines, suspensions, or cancellation of registration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new feature did the British Columbia Securities Commission provide on its website in the first quarter of 2003?

<p>Information about individuals who have faced disciplinary action since 1987 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prohibition in the amendments regarding statements that significantly affect the market price of a security?

<p>Making misleading or untrue statements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should registrants avoid personal financial dealings with clients?

<p>To prevent conflicts of interest and maintain professionalism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding personal trading activity for registrants?

<p>Losing personal funds and lacking time for client servicing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for other publicly visible activities in which registrants participate?

<p>They should be conducted responsibly and moderately to avoid negative public image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unethical practice should registrants avoid when dealing with clients?

<p>Sharing a financial interest in an account with a client without disclosure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should registrants prioritize in all business dealings?

<p>The interests of the client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should registrants handle client assets?

<p>Use them only for the client’s purposes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must registrants ensure when relaying information about a client’s existing portfolio?

<p>Take reasonable steps to ensure the information is complete and accurate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must registrants disclose to ensure fair, objective dealings with clients?

<p>Potential conflicts of interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardinal rule in making investment recommendations?

<p>Know Your Client (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct for registrants?

<p>To prioritize the interests of the investing public (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to registrants having a fiduciary duty to their clients?

<p>Reliance of the client on their advice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of ethical conduct for registrants?

<p>Concern for the spirit and intent of the rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should registrants prioritize in all business dealings as per the text?

<p>Conducting in a responsible and moderate manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it doubtful that a registrant actively trading his or her own account on a daily basis will have enough time to properly service clients?

<p>Excessive trading losses will present a negative image to clients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must registrants avoid in their personal financial dealings with clients, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Sharing a financial interest in an account with a client (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for other publicly visible activities in which registrants participate, according to the text?

<p>Participating moderately and responsibly to avoid unfavourable public image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardinal rule in making investment recommendations?

<p>Duty of care and suitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may have legal implications for the registrant and the firm?

<p>Having a fiduciary duty to the clients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct for registrants?

<p>Protecting the interests of the investing public (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ethical conduct entail for registrants?

<p>Concerning themselves with the spirit and intent of the rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for all trades and acts in furtherance of trades, according to the text?

<p>They must be executed only by individuals who are registered and approved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the distribution of securities, as per the text?

<p>Securities should be distributed only if approved for distribution by the appropriate regulatory authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expectation for conducting client business, according to the text?

<p>Business conduct should merit public respect and confidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary expectation regarding client orders, based on the text?

<p>Client orders must be entered only at the client's direction unless the account has been properly constituted as a discretionary or managed account pursuant to the applicable regulatory requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the trading of securities through the facilities of a stock exchange after the primary distribution?

<p>Secondary trading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which document is the disclosure for public offering of securities normally made?

<p>Prospectus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subject to the same disclosure requirement as a public sale when sold from a control position?

<p>Secondary sale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Securities Act and stock exchange requirements mandate for issuers as securities move beyond the primary distribution?

<p>Filing of information concerning material changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power did the Manitoba Securities Commission gain from the 2003 amendments?

<p>Power to order repayment when investors lose money due to improper conduct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What penalties can a commission panel order following a hearing on improper or illegal conduct?

<p>Compensation for financial loss and reprimands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prohibition in the amendments regarding statements that significantly affect the market price of a security?

<p>Prohibition on making statements that are knowingly false or misleading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new feature did the British Columbia Securities Commission provide on its website in the first quarter of 2003?

<p>A feature to provide information about individuals who faced disciplinary action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Recognizing Regulators approve amendments to the Universal Market Integrity Rules to specifically provide?

<p>Prohibition of Regulated Persons from impeding or obstructing a Market Regulator in an investigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activities are ATSs restricted from engaging in, as stated in the text?

<p>Offering listing services to issuers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional role may Regulation Services Providers (RS) fulfill, according to the text?

<p>Regulating Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the amendments to the Universal Market Integrity Rules (UMIR) as mentioned in the text?

<p>To enhance the investigative and regulatory powers of Market Regulators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of money laundering?

<p>To control funds without raising suspicion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), what is the estimated range of money laundering as a percentage of the world’s GDP?

<p>2-5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of securities dealers in curbing criminal and terrorist activities?

<p>To limit access to funds generated from criminal activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated lower figure for the aggregate size of money laundering in terms of the world’s GDP, based on 2002 statistics?

<p>$980 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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