Ethical Concerns in Horse Racing

<p>Gallop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right fore lands, then left hind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lead fore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equine athlete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overfeeding of protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Installing power-driven air extractors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat racing has shorter distances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A castrated male horse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleveland Bay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk, trot, canter, gallop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racing, jumping, dressage, endurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive breeding of horses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure owners have adequate knowledge of equine anatomy, health issues, and racing rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in the genetic pool leading to genetic issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure a surplus of horses for rehoming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of shin soreness and lameness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require extensive space and maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soring and gait manipulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve the welfare of managed horses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Snorting or blowing' sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Increased risk of laryngeal paralysis' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction and relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure within the lungs increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to atrophy and disfunction of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abducts the vocal folds during inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left RLN (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Roaring' noise during inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elasticity of the lung tissue forces air out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms a seal to hold the lungs against the thoracic wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy and dysfunction of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It abducts the vocal folds during inspiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a seal holding the lungs against the thoracic wall by surface tension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the diaphragm and external intercostals relax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intra-pleural pressure decreases, alveolar pressure increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$P \propto 1/V$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\text{Diaphragm}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\text{Boyle’s law}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung elasticity and surface tension of pleural fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slaughter and transportation, soring and gait manipulation, tail modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition; freedom from physical and thermal discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, and disease; freedom from fear and distress; freedom to express most normal patterns of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snorting or blowing sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of shin soreness, lameness, and further injuries during their career.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is important for diagnosing and treating respiratory issues in horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unwanted horses, lack of appropriate care, inhumane euthanasia, soring, gait manipulation, tail modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing the 5 freedoms, ensuring appropriate care, preventing soring and gait manipulation, avoiding unnecessary tail modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive coughing, choking, whistling, roaring, gurgling, wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious injuries, euthanasia, sudden heart failure, later-life health issues from past minor injuries or mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk: Left hind, left fore, right hind, right hind, left fore, left fore, right hind, right fore. Trot: Left hind with right fore, right hind with left fore. Canter: Left hind, left fore, right hind, right fore. Gallop: Left hind, right hind, left fore, right fore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor performance refers to a deviation from the correct sequence or timing of footfalls in the horse's gait, leading to irregular or inefficient movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left hind, left fore, right hind, right fore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right hind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right lead canter sequence: Right hind, left fore, right fore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle is primarily responsible for abducting the arytenoid cartilages during inspiration, widening the rima glottidis to allow increased airflow into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the pleural membranes during breathing and helping to maintain the shape and position of the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary reason for the difficulty in rehoming retired racehorses is the large number of horses exiting the racing industry, leading to oversupply and limited demand for rehoming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laryngeal hemiplegia in horses leads to a partial or complete paralysis of the muscles controlling the movement of the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in a reduction or obstruction of the airway during exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'biomechanics' refers to the function and coordination between the body systems of the horse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gelding = castrated male horse to reduce aggressive or unsafe behavior and to not pass on undesirable traits to offspring (e.g. disease).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat racing requires horses to race across short distances on grass, synthetic, or all-weatherproof tracks, testing speed and stamina. National Hunt racing involves fences or hurdles, tests stamina, and is less lucrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dressage: Cleveland Bay, Shire; Show jumping: Thoroughbred, Clydesdale, Connemara; Horse racing: Thoroughbred; Endurance: Arab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walk, trot, canter, gallop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive breeding, training beginning too young, lack of regulations for training plans are key ethical concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving air quality involves efficient ventilation systems, proper stable type, effective drainage systems, and suitable bedding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive protein intake poses a threat to the decline of performance in competition horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proper fitness training is essential to improve the overall performance of a horse and avoid fatigue-related breakdowns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical signs include being reluctant to exercise, reduced ability in athletic tasks, and failure to meet expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clean water access is crucial to replenish the loss from intense exercise and prevent poor performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy and dysfunction of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, leading to reduction in airflow and noisy breathing known as 'roaring'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle to abduct the vocal folds away from the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm contracts and flattens, while the external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs and sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleural fluid forms a seal that holds the lungs against the thoracic wall by the force of surface tension, allowing the lungs to expand and reduce in size with the thoracic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both intra-pleural pressure and alveolar pressure increase during expiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the right RLN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to abduct the vocal folds away from the airway during inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It changes the volume of the thoracic cavity, leading to changes in the volume and pressure of the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of the lungs increases and the pressure within the lungs decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laryngeal hemiplegia leads to atrophy and dysfunction of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, resulting in reduction in airflow and 'roaring' noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, while the external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs and sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pleural fluid forms a seal between the outer surface of the lungs and inner thoracic wall, holding the lungs against the thoracic wall by surface tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During expiration, intra-pleural pressure and alveolar pressure increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, the pressure within the lungs increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laryngeal hemiplegia leads to atrophy and dysfunction of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, resulting in reduction in airflow and 'roaring' noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using harmful equipment in horse racing can lead to injuries, discomfort, and reduced performance in horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expiration tends to be passive because it primarily relies on the elastic properties of the lungs and chest wall, with the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relaxing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main welfare issues include overtraining, injuries, inappropriate equipment use, and post-racing care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle is an important abductor of the arytenoid cartilage, which abducts the vocal folds during inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers