Ethernet Layer 1/Layer 2 Quiz

<p>Cables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Session Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Link Layer and Physical Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defines hardware standards for the physical connection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical Link Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates the start of the frame (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 bytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manages access to the physical medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 bytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a high error-detection capability with low computational overhead. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific structures that cater to common error types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transition from low to high. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CRCs cannot detect errors that match the generator polynomial. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It doubles the signal frequency compared to the data rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half-duplex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures synchronization between the sender and receiver. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can detect more complex error patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The data is assumed to be error-free. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As coefficients of a polynomial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T(x) = D(x) * x^k + R(x) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All odd numbers of errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare for division by the generator polynomial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses XOR instead of subtraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G(x) = x + 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It controls the length of added zeros to the data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burst errors up to the length of the generator polynomial. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Physical Layer is responsible for transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium like cables or radio waves.

The Data Link Layer ensures reliable node-to-node data transfer by handling error correction from the Physical Layer.

The Network Layer is responsible for routing data packets between different networks using logical addresses like IP addresses.

The Transport Layer ensures reliable data transfer with error checking and flow control by segmenting data into smaller packets.

The Application Layer provides services for end users and interfaces directly with application software like web browsers and email clients.

Defines how bits are transmitted over a medium, like copper wires or fiber optics. Includes standards like 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX for different speeds and cable types.

Manages data transfer between devices on the same network, ensuring frames are reliably transmitted.

Handles access to the physical medium, frame synchronization, and prevents collisions.

The unique identifier of a device on a network; it's like a physical address for communication.

A sequence of alternating 1s and 0s that helps devices synchronize before receiving data.

Marks the end of the Preamble and signals that the actual data frame is starting.

Contains the destination MAC address, which identifies the device that will receive the data.

A method for detecting errors in data transmission using polynomial division.

Data is represented as coefficients of a polynomial, where each bit corresponds to a power of x.

A fixed polynomial used in CRC to detect errors. Common examples include CRC-8, CRC-16, and CRC-32.

The original data is padded with zeros, divided by the Generator Polynomial using binary long division, and the remainder becomes the CRC code.

The received data, including the CRC code, is again divided by the Generator Polynomial. If the remainder is zero, the data is error-free.

CRC can detect single-bit errors, double-bit errors, odd numbers of errors, and can effectively find burst errors up to the length of the Generator Polynomial.

A single-bit error is a single change in a bit, flipping a 0 to 1 or vice versa.

A double-bit error involves two independent bits being flipped in the data.

Burst errors occur when multiple consecutive bits are corrupted during transmission.

A longer generator polynomial (e.g., 32-bit) is better at detecting complex error patterns.

A generator polynomial with specific properties can help detect common types of errors, like bursts of errors occurring within a certain length.

CRC is efficient at detecting errors with minimal overhead in processing.

CRCs are widely used in hardware for real-time error checking, which means they can detect errors rapidly.

CRCs can only find errors, they can't fix them.

If an error pattern matches the generator polynomial, CRC might not be able to detect the error.

Ethernet uses Manchester encoding to transmit data, where each bit is represented by a transition within a single clock cycle.

A 0 bit in Manchester encoding is represented by a transition from high to low within a single clock cycle.

A 1 bit in Manchester encoding is represented by a transition from low to high within a single clock cycle.