Ethernet LAN Switching - Module 5
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Ethernet LAN Switching - Module 5

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Preamble in an Ethernet frame?

  • To specify the type of encapsulated packet
  • To provide error detection
  • To indicate the start of the frame
  • To allow devices to synchronize their receiver clocks (correct)

    • The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field in an Ethernet frame is used to determine the MAC address.

    False

    What is the size in bytes of a MAC address?

    6

    The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) uses a _____ algorithm to detect corrupted data.

    <p>CRC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the Type field in an Ethernet frame has a value of 0x0800, what does it indicate?

    <p>An IPv4 packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

    <p>To discover the physical address from a known IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Ethernet frame components with their functions:

    <p>Preamble = Synchronizes receiver clocks Destination MAC address = Indicates the receiving device Type = Specifies the type of encapsulated packet FCS = Detects corrupted data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ARP Requests are sent as unicast messages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) consists of 7 bytes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the command 'arp -a' do?

    <p>It displays the ARP table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the value of 1536 or greater in the Type field signify?

    <p>The type of the encapsulated packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of ARP entry learned via ARP is called ______.

    <p>dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following messages with their descriptions:

    <p>ARP Request = Informs another device of its MAC address ARP Reply = Requests the MAC address of another device ICMP Echo Request = Tests reachability in a network ICMP Echo Reply = Responds with round-trip time data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message is used for testing network reachability?

    <p>ICMP Echo Request</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Switch interfaces are administratively down by default.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state do router interfaces default to when configured?

    <p>administratively down/down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of a MAC address in bits?

    <p>48 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A MAC address is also known as a Burned-In Address (BIA).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first 3 bytes of a MAC address represent?

    <p>Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamically learned MAC addresses are removed from the MAC address table after ___ minutes of inactivity.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum size for an Ethernet frame including header and trailer?

    <p>64 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the format of MAC address to the appropriate device type:

    <p>5C-23-5A-24-2B-3D = Windows 0011.5ccc.5c00 = Cisco devices 5C:23:5A:24:2B:3D = LINUX and IOS AAAA.AA00.000 = MAC Address Table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A unicast frame is a frame that is destined for multiple targets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to the Ethernet frame payload if it is less than 46 bytes?

    <p>Padding bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of duplex do devices connected to a hub operate in?

    <p>Half duplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Devices connected to a switch can operate in half duplex.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the role of CSMA/CD in networking.

    <p>CSMA/CD stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. It allows devices to listen to the network before sending data, detects collisions if they occur, and prevents data loss by implementing a waiting period before retransmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When autonegotiation is disabled, the switch uses the ______ supported speed.

    <p>slowest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a collision occurs while using CSMA/CD?

    <p>The device sends a jamming signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Runts = Frames that are smaller than the maximum frame size (64 bytes) Giants = Frames that are larger than the maximum frame size (1518 bytes) CRC = Frames that failed the CRC check Input errors = Total of various error counters including Runts and Giants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jamming signals are sent only when a device detects it is safe to transmit.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are input errors in networking?

    <p>Input errors refer to the total of various counters related to frame errors, such as Runts, Giants, CRC failures, and incorrectly formatted frames.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethernet LAN Overview

    • Local Area Networks (LANs) utilize Ethernet technology for data transmission within a limited geographical area.

    Ethernet Frame Structure

    • Comprises a header, trailer, and payload (packet); typically spans 26 bytes.
    • Header includes:
      • Preamble: 7 bytes for synchronization (alternating 1's and 0's).
      • Start Frame Delimiter (SFD): 1 byte (10101011) marks frame start.
      • Destination MAC Address: 6 bytes identifying the receiver.
      • Source MAC Address: 6 bytes identifying the sender.
      • Type/Length: 2 bytes indicating either length of the payload or type of encapsulated packet.
    • Trailer includes Frame Check Sequence (FCS): 4 bytes for error detection using CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

    Preamble and SFD

    • Preamble assists in synchronizing device clocks before a frame is received.
    • SFD signals the end of the preamble and the beginning of the frame data.

    MAC Address Details

    • MAC addresses consist of 6 bytes (48 bits); globally unique to each device.
    • First 3 bytes represent the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) assigned to the manufacturer.
    • Display formats vary (e.g., Windows: 5C-23-5A-24-2B-3D, Cisco: 0011.5ccc.5c00).

    Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

    • A 4-byte field used to detect errors in frame data.
    • Implements CRC algorithm to ensure data integrity.

    ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

    • Used to map Layer 3 IP addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses.
    • Functions with two primary messages:
      • ARP Request: Broadcast to all devices seeking the MAC address for a known IP.
      • ARP Reply: Unicast message providing the requested MAC address.

    Ping Utility

    • Tests network reachability using ICMP Echo Request and ICMP Echo Reply messages.

    Switch Interfaces and MAC Address Tables

    • Switch interfaces default to "up" status when correctly connected.
    • MAC Address tables maintain dynamic entries, learning MAC addresses of connected devices.
    • Dynamic MAC addresses are removed after 5 minutes of inactivity.

    Full/Half Duplex Communication

    • Half Duplex: Allows sending or receiving but not simultaneously; typical for hub connections.
    • Full Duplex: Allows simultaneous sending and receiving; utilized in switch connections.

    Collision Management with CSMA/CD

    • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection helps manage network traffic.
    • Devices listen before transmitting, sending a jamming signal if a collision occurs, followed by random wait times before reattempting.

    Speed and Duplex Autonegotiation

    • Devices automatically negotiate optimal speed and duplex settings.
    • Common speeds include 10, 100, and 1000 megabits per second.

    Common Networking Errors

    • Runts: Frames smaller than 64 bytes.
    • Giants: Frames larger than 1518 bytes.
    • CRC Errors: Frames failing the CRC check.
    • Input/Output errors: Total counts of various error types occurring in the network.

    Command Line Interface (CLI) Commands

    • Commands such as show ip int br provide interface status and troubleshoot configurations.
    • Use arp -a in command prompt to view the ARP table on various platforms.

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