Ethernet Basics and Advantages

Ethernet

• Ethernet is the standard for connecting devices in wired LANs and WANs.
• Devices communicate using a protocol (a set of rules).
• Ethernet specifies how data is formatted and transmitted for recognition.
• Cables carry the data physically.
• Ethernet is typically more stable and secure than wireless.

Why Use Ethernet?

• Initially popular due to lower cost compared to other technologies (like IBM's token ring).
• Evolved to offer higher performance.
• Initially used coaxial cables, connecting devices via hubs in daisy chain or star topology.
• Now commonly uses twisted-pair or fiber optic cables.

Ethernet Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantages:*

• Relatively inexpensive

• Backward compatible

• Noise resistant

• Good data transfer quality

• Fast speeds

• Reliable

• Supports data security (with firewalls)

• Disadvantages:*

• Best for shorter, smaller networks

• Limited mobility

• Longer cables can experience crosstalk

• Not ideal for real-time/interactive applications

• Troubleshooting can be difficult.

How Ethernet Works

• IEEE 802.3 standards dictate the protocol, covering both physical connection and data transmission.
• Ethernet uses "packets" and "frames" for transmission.
• Frames contain the data payload and MAC addresses of sender and receiver.
• Devices require a network interface card (NIC).

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• A NIC is a hardware component essential for network connection.
• It's a circuit board installed in a computer.
• Also known as network interface controller, network adapter, or LAN adapter.