30 Questions
If a determinate thing deteriorates through the fault of the debtor during the pendency of a suspensive condition in an obligation, what alternative remedies does the creditor have?
Rescission of the obligation with indemnity for damages
When is a thing considered lost according to the text?
When it perishes
What happens in case of a unilateral obligation subject to a resolutory condition or period?
The debtor will be responsible for deducting expenses for the fruits
What right does the debtor have if an improved thing is at his expense?
Right to use the improved thing for a reasonable period
In what instances is a thing considered lost according to the text?
When it disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown
What are the effects of fulfilling a resolutory condition in an obligation to give a determinate thing?
'The fruits are returned by the creditor with deductions for expenses
What is the premise of estoppel by laches?
Abandonment of rights for an unreasonable length of time
What does estoppel by deed prevent a party from doing?
Denying any material fact stated in a deed
In what circumstance does estoppel in pais occur?
When a person fails to speak out when they should
What characterizes estoppel by deed?
Prevention from denying material facts in a deed
Which requirement is necessary for a valid payment?
Payment in accordance with the obligation
What is the basis of estoppel in pais?
Silence when required to speak out
What are liquidated damages in a contract?
Damages agreed upon by the parties to a contract
What distinguishes temperate damages from compensatory damages?
Temperate damages are less than compensatory damages
In a legal context, what are nominal damages primarily awarded for?
To recognize and vindicate the plaintiff's rights without indemnifying them
What is the compensatory interest rate on pecuniary losses as of July 1, 2013?
6% per annum
Which statement best describes actual damages?
Pecuniary losses suffered and duly proved by the plaintiff
What type of damages are moderate damages in a legal context?
Less than nominal but more than compensatory damages
When an obligation consists of the delivery of an indeterminate thing, can the creditor demand a thing of superior quality?
No, never
In case the delivery of the foreign currency stipulated is not possible, what currency should the payment of debts be made in?
Philippine Peso
Which of the following is NOT considered legal tender in the Philippines?
P20 bill
What is the legal tender power of P1, P5, P10, and P20 coins according to the text?
Up to P100 legal tender power only
Can negotiable instruments like promissory notes be used as cash for payment according to the text?
No
If an obligation involves payment in a foreign currency that cannot be delivered, what should happen according to the text?
Debts must be paid in Philippine Peso, the local legal tender
When does it appear that the accessory obligation of pledge has been remitted?
When the thing pledged is found in the possession of the debtor or a third person who owns the thing.
In what scenario does renunciation of the principal debt extinguish the accessory obligations?
It never extinguishes accessory obligations.
What must happen for a confusion or merger to occur as a mode of extinguishing obligation?
Meeting in one person of qualities of creditor and debtor with respect to the same obligation.
What must take place for confusion or merger to occur according to the requisites mentioned?
Total confusion or merger between principal creditor and principal debtor.
What is the effect of merger on an obligation?
It extinguishes the obligation.
Why does renunciation of the accessory obligation not extinguish the principal debt?
Because accessory obligations follow the principal obligation but not vice versa.
Learn about different types of estoppel in law including estoppel in pais and estoppel by deed. Understand how a person can be considered in estoppel based on their conduct, representations, or silence. Explore the consequences of estoppel in legal situations.
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