Estoppel in Law
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Questions and Answers

If a determinate thing deteriorates through the fault of the debtor during the pendency of a suspensive condition in an obligation, what alternative remedies does the creditor have?

  • Rescission of the obligation with indemnity for damages (correct)
  • Specific performance of the obligation with indemnity for damages
  • Return the improved thing for a reasonable period
  • Extend the suspensive period

When is a thing considered lost according to the text?

  • When it perishes (correct)
  • When it is in commerce
  • When it is used by the creditor
  • When it is improved by the debtor

What happens in case of a unilateral obligation subject to a resolutory condition or period?

  • The debtor will be responsible for deducting expenses for the fruits (correct)
  • The debtor returns the fruits with no deductions
  • The fruits are shared equally between creditor and debtor
  • The creditor returns the fruits with no deductions

What right does the debtor have if an improved thing is at his expense?

<p>Right to use the improved thing for a reasonable period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what instances is a thing considered lost according to the text?

<p>When it disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of fulfilling a resolutory condition in an obligation to give a determinate thing?

<p>'The fruits are returned by the creditor with deductions for expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the premise of estoppel by laches?

<p>Abandonment of rights for an unreasonable length of time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does estoppel by deed prevent a party from doing?

<p>Denying any material fact stated in a deed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstance does estoppel in pais occur?

<p>When a person fails to speak out when they should (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes estoppel by deed?

<p>Prevention from denying material facts in a deed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement is necessary for a valid payment?

<p>Payment in accordance with the obligation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of estoppel in pais?

<p>Silence when required to speak out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are liquidated damages in a contract?

<p>Damages agreed upon by the parties to a contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes temperate damages from compensatory damages?

<p>Temperate damages are less than compensatory damages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a legal context, what are nominal damages primarily awarded for?

<p>To recognize and vindicate the plaintiff's rights without indemnifying them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory interest rate on pecuniary losses as of July 1, 2013?

<p>6% per annum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes actual damages?

<p>Pecuniary losses suffered and duly proved by the plaintiff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of damages are moderate damages in a legal context?

<p>Less than nominal but more than compensatory damages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an obligation consists of the delivery of an indeterminate thing, can the creditor demand a thing of superior quality?

<p>No, never (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case the delivery of the foreign currency stipulated is not possible, what currency should the payment of debts be made in?

<p>Philippine Peso (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered legal tender in the Philippines?

<p>P20 bill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal tender power of P1, P5, P10, and P20 coins according to the text?

<p>Up to P100 legal tender power only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can negotiable instruments like promissory notes be used as cash for payment according to the text?

<p>No (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an obligation involves payment in a foreign currency that cannot be delivered, what should happen according to the text?

<p>Debts must be paid in Philippine Peso, the local legal tender (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does it appear that the accessory obligation of pledge has been remitted?

<p>When the thing pledged is found in the possession of the debtor or a third person who owns the thing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario does renunciation of the principal debt extinguish the accessory obligations?

<p>It never extinguishes accessory obligations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen for a confusion or merger to occur as a mode of extinguishing obligation?

<p>Meeting in one person of qualities of creditor and debtor with respect to the same obligation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must take place for confusion or merger to occur according to the requisites mentioned?

<p>Total confusion or merger between principal creditor and principal debtor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of merger on an obligation?

<p>It extinguishes the obligation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does renunciation of the accessory obligation not extinguish the principal debt?

<p>Because accessory obligations follow the principal obligation but not vice versa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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