Estoppel in Law
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Questions and Answers

If a determinate thing deteriorates through the fault of the debtor during the pendency of a suspensive condition in an obligation, what alternative remedies does the creditor have?

  • Rescission of the obligation with indemnity for damages (correct)
  • Specific performance of the obligation with indemnity for damages
  • Return the improved thing for a reasonable period
  • Extend the suspensive period

    • When is a thing considered lost according to the text?

  • When it perishes (correct)
  • When it is in commerce
  • When it is used by the creditor
  • When it is improved by the debtor

    • What happens in case of a unilateral obligation subject to a resolutory condition or period?

  • The debtor will be responsible for deducting expenses for the fruits (correct)
  • The debtor returns the fruits with no deductions
  • The fruits are shared equally between creditor and debtor
  • The creditor returns the fruits with no deductions

    • What right does the debtor have if an improved thing is at his expense?

    <p>Right to use the improved thing for a reasonable period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what instances is a thing considered lost according to the text?

    <p>When it disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of fulfilling a resolutory condition in an obligation to give a determinate thing?

    <p>'The fruits are returned by the creditor with deductions for expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the premise of estoppel by laches?

    <p>Abandonment of rights for an unreasonable length of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does estoppel by deed prevent a party from doing?

    <p>Denying any material fact stated in a deed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstance does estoppel in pais occur?

    <p>When a person fails to speak out when they should</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes estoppel by deed?

    <p>Prevention from denying material facts in a deed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement is necessary for a valid payment?

    <p>Payment in accordance with the obligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of estoppel in pais?

    <p>Silence when required to speak out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are liquidated damages in a contract?

    <p>Damages agreed upon by the parties to a contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes temperate damages from compensatory damages?

    <p>Temperate damages are less than compensatory damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a legal context, what are nominal damages primarily awarded for?

    <p>To recognize and vindicate the plaintiff's rights without indemnifying them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory interest rate on pecuniary losses as of July 1, 2013?

    <p>6% per annum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes actual damages?

    <p>Pecuniary losses suffered and duly proved by the plaintiff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of damages are moderate damages in a legal context?

    <p>Less than nominal but more than compensatory damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an obligation consists of the delivery of an indeterminate thing, can the creditor demand a thing of superior quality?

    <p>No, never</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case the delivery of the foreign currency stipulated is not possible, what currency should the payment of debts be made in?

    <p>Philippine Peso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered legal tender in the Philippines?

    <p>P20 bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal tender power of P1, P5, P10, and P20 coins according to the text?

    <p>Up to P100 legal tender power only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can negotiable instruments like promissory notes be used as cash for payment according to the text?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an obligation involves payment in a foreign currency that cannot be delivered, what should happen according to the text?

    <p>Debts must be paid in Philippine Peso, the local legal tender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does it appear that the accessory obligation of pledge has been remitted?

    <p>When the thing pledged is found in the possession of the debtor or a third person who owns the thing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario does renunciation of the principal debt extinguish the accessory obligations?

    <p>It never extinguishes accessory obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for a confusion or merger to occur as a mode of extinguishing obligation?

    <p>Meeting in one person of qualities of creditor and debtor with respect to the same obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must take place for confusion or merger to occur according to the requisites mentioned?

    <p>Total confusion or merger between principal creditor and principal debtor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of merger on an obligation?

    <p>It extinguishes the obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does renunciation of the accessory obligation not extinguish the principal debt?

    <p>Because accessory obligations follow the principal obligation but not vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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