Estimating Loss from Breach of Contract
155 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the legal aspects governing public procurement of works?

  • Addressing the implications on procurement contracts (correct)
  • Understanding the Constitution of India
  • Ensuring compliance with labor laws
  • Being a legal expert in all areas

Which act is specifically mentioned for e-procurement and e-auction in the text?

  • Competition Act, 2002
  • Indian Contracts Act, 1872
  • The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) (correct)
  • Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Which act serves as the basis for the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?

  • Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
  • Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (DSPE) (correct)
  • Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003
  • Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

Which law is not specifically mentioned in the list provided in the text?

<p>Goods and Services Tax (GST) laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it stated that a public procurement professional is not expected to be a legal expert?

<p>To emphasize understanding without needing expertise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Supplier' in contract management?

<p>The individual or firm supplying the goods on contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Purchase Order' represent in the context of contracts?

<p>The order placed by the purchaser on the supplier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Bid documents/ Tender documents' in contract management?

<p>Specifications of the materials or work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Advance Purchase Order' in contract management?

<p>The intention of purchaser to place the purchase order on the bidder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contract management, what does 'Work Order' refer to?

<p>The order issued to the contractor by the officer in charge of the works (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'Notice Inviting Tender' (NIT)?

<p>To request bidders to make offers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'Procurement Policy Division (PPD)'?

<p>Encourage uniformity in public procurement processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Earnest Money Deposit (EMD)/ Bid Security' serve as?

<p>Security against bidder default (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP)'?

<p>Ensuring transparency in procurement process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'Security Deposit/ Performance Guarantee'?

<p>Ensuring bidder compliance with terms and conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential requirements for a valid contract according to the Indian Contract Act, 1872?

<p>Presence of Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an essential requirement for a valid contract?

<p>Absence of intention to create legal relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of contracts, what does 'Mutual and lawful consideration' mean?

<p>A promise to give something (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, who should have free consent for a valid contract?

<p>Both parties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a contract to have certainty and possibility of performance?

<p>To ensure legal enforceability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Central Public Procurement portal (CPPP)?

<p>To provide access to information on procurements made across various Ministries and Departments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to GFR 2017 (Rule 160), what is mandatory for Ministries/Departments regarding bids?

<p>All bids must be submitted through e-procurement portals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Central Public Procurement portal (CPPP) provide access to?

<p>Documents relating to pre-qualification, Bidders’ enlistment, and Bidding documents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case a Ministry/Department does not use the e-procurement solution developed by NIC, what is the requirement regarding tender data?

<p>Tender data must still be published on CPPP through webservice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) regarding the Central Public Procurement portal (CPPP)?

<p>To publish all their tender enquiries on the CPPP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of taking into account the means of remedying inconvenience caused by non-performance of a contract in estimating loss or damage?

<p>To ensure fair compensation for the party complaining of the breach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Section 74, what is the entitlement of the party complaining of a breach of contract when a contract specifies a sum to be paid in the case of a breach?

<p>Entitled to reasonable compensation not exceeding the specified sum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compensation is a person rightfully rescinding a contract entitled to according to Section 75?

<p>Reasonable compensation for any damage sustained (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred option globally for settling commercial disputes quickly and enforcing contracts?

<p>Arbitration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Arbitration & Conciliation Act come into effect?

<p>25.01.1996 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key feature was established by Act 33 of 2019?

<p>Introduction of the Arbitration Council of India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time limit for arbitral tribunals to make awards in international commercial arbitrations post the 2019 amendment?

<p>12 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section of the Arbitration Act is the term 'Arbitration Agreement' defined?

<p>Section 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which section does a judicial authority refer parties to arbitration when an arbitration agreement exists?

<p>Section 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time limit set for filing written claims and defense before an arbitral tribunal?

<p>6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body was established as part of the 2019 amendment to the Arbitration Act?

<p>Arbitration Council of India (ACI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered as an 'Arbitration Agreement' under the Arbitration Act?

<p><code>A written agreement to submit disputes to arbitration</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Composition of Arbitral Tribunal' is governed by which sections of the Arbitration Act?

<p><code>Sections 10-12</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sec-8 Power to Refer Parties to Arbitration' relates to which scenario?

<p><code>When a judicial authority is presented with an existing arbitration agreement</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Arbitration' under the Arbitration Act refers to which type of arbitration?

<p><code>Any form of arbitration, whether or not administered by permanent arbitral institutions</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time limit set for filing written claim and defense before an arbitral tribunal?

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an 'Arbitration Agreement' under the Arbitration Act mean?

<p>It may be in the form of an Arbitration Clause in the contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2019 amendment, what key feature was established?

<p>Creation of the Arbitration Council of India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a judicial authority refer parties to arbitration if there is an arbitration agreement?

<p>Whenever an arbitration agreement exists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Arbitration' under the Arbitration Act?

<p>Can be either written or oral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Section 8 of the Arbitration Act?

<p>To refer parties to arbitration when there is an existing agreement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the entitlement of the party complaining of a breach of contract, according to Section 74?

<p>Reasonable compensation not exceeding the named amount or penalty stipulated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a person rightfully rescinding a contract become entitled to under Section 75?

<p>Compensation for any damage through non-fulfillment of the contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of a breach where no actual loss is proven, what is the party entitled to under Section 74 of the Indian Contract Act?

<p>Reasonable compensation not exceeding the penalty stipulated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Act came into effect on 25.01.1996 and was amended by Act 3 of 2016?

<p>Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of arbitration in settling commercial disputes globally?

<p>For quick enforcement of contracts &amp; settlement of claims (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In estimating loss or damage from a breach, what must be considered according to the text?

<p>The means available to remedy inconvenience caused (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the conciliator play in the conciliation proceedings?

<p>Assisting the parties to reach an amicable settlement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of settlement agreements, what is the status and effect of such an agreement?

<p>It is final and binding on the parties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what section of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act can proposals for settlement be made by the conciliator?

<p>Section 67 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the conciliator need to do when the parties reach an agreement on a settlement?

<p>Authenticate the agreement and provide a copy to each party (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal status of a settlement agreement according to Sec-74 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>It has similar status and effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a settlement agreement under Sec-73 from a regular contract under Indian law?

<p>'Settlement agreements' have special enforceability under arbitration laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature introduced by Act 33 of 2019?

<p>Establishment of an independent body called Arbitration Council of India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which section of the Arbitration Act does the power exist to refer parties to arbitration when there is an existing arbitration agreement?

<p>Section 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'arbitration' mean under the Arbitration Act?

<p>Arbitration administered by any institution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time limit set for filing a written claim and defense before an arbitral tribunal?

<p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the Arbitration Act governs the composition of the arbitral tribunal?

<p>Section 10 to 12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an arbitration agreement to be valid?

<p>It must be in writing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of reasonable compensation a party is entitled to receive according to Section 74 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>Exceeding the penalty stipulated for (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the conciliator play in the conciliation proceedings according to Sec-67?

<p>Assisting parties to reach an amicable settlement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the Arbitration and Conciliation Act come into effect?

<p>1996 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status and effect of a settlement agreement according to Sec-74?

<p>It is equivalent to an arbitral award (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the entitlement of a person who rightfully rescinds a contract according to Section 75 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>Compensation for any damage sustained (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Sec-73, when is a settlement agreement considered final and binding?

<p>When parties sign the agreement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 1 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act cover?

<p>Extent and commencement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a settlement agreement under Sec-74 compared to an arbitral award?

<p>They have equal status and effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant aspect of arbitration highlighted in the text?

<p>Quick enforcement of contracts globally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sec-66, what is a unique aspect about the conciliator's position?

<p>They do not need to adhere to Code of Civil Procedure or Indian Evidence Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is arbitration often preferred for settling commercial disputes quickly?

<p>'Arbitration and Conciliation Act' ensures quick enforcement of contracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a settlement agreement according to Sec-73 from a regular contract?

<p>It doesn't need to be in writing or have reasons stated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways the conciliation proceedings can be terminated?

<p>By signing a settlement agreement on the date of agreement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of contracts, what is emphasized as a crucial aspect for various stakeholders?

<p>The significance of signing new contracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is prohibited during conciliation proceedings regarding the dispute under consideration?

<p>Initiating arbitration or judicial proceedings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can potentially change the contractual meaning of a complex business arrangement, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Misplacing a comma in the contract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect in managing a contractual relationship effectively?

<p>Ensuring certainty and possibility of performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of establishing the Arbitration Council of India?

<p>To expedite the resolution of disputes through arbitration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the time restriction being removed for international commercial arbitrations?

<p>It ensures a quicker resolution of disputes in international commercial settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for an arbitration agreement to be in writing according to the text?

<p>To ensure the validity and enforceability of the agreement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Judicial authority need to do when an arbitration agreement exists and an action is brought before it?

<p>Refer the parties to arbitration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered in estimating the loss or damage from a breach of contract?

<p>The means to remedy the inconvenience caused by non-performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the power granted by Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>It empowers courts to refer parties to arbitration when an agreement exists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Section 74, what is a party entitled to receive when a contract is breached?

<p>Reasonable compensation up to the named amount or penalty stipulated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the entitlement of a person who rightfully rescinds a contract according to Section 75?

<p>Compensation for any damage sustained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What came into effect on 25.01.1996 and was later amended by Act 3 of 2016?

<p>Arbitration &amp; Conciliation Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has arbitration become a preferred option globally for settling commercial disputes?

<p>For quick contract enforcement &amp; settlement of claims (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the conciliator according to Section 67 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>Assist the parties in reaching an amicable settlement without written proposals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Section 73 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, when is a settlement agreement considered final and binding?

<p>When it is authenticated by the conciliator and furnished to each party. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a settlement agreement's status and effect compare to an arbitral award under Section 74 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>The settlement agreement holds the same status and effect as an arbitral award. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 66 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act state regarding the conciliator's adherence to certain laws?

<p>The conciliator is not bound by any laws or procedural rules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Section 76 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, what is the role of a conciliator in making proposals for settlement?

<p>Proposals should be non-binding and may be verbal, not requiring written statements or reasons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a party initiating conciliation under Section 62 does not receive a reply within thirty days from the date of sending the invitation?

<p>The conciliation is deemed rejected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of an arbitration agreement in the event of a party's death?

<p>It is enforceable by the legal representative of the deceased party. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the confidentiality requirement regarding arbitral proceedings according to Section 42A?

<p>All information must be kept confidential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of rejecting an invitation to conciliate under Section 62 of the Arbitration Act?

<p>Conciliation is terminated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mandate of an arbitrator in case of the death of a party who appointed them?

<p>The mandate automatically terminates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done if an arbitration award is not made within six months?

<p>The provisions of section 29A apply for an extension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an arbitrator do if the parties settle the dispute during arbitral proceedings?

<p>Terminate the proceedings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an arbitral award to have the same status as any other?

<p>It must be written and signed by the arbitrator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can an arbitrator make an interim arbitral award?

<p>At any point during the proceedings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information must be included in an arbitral award unless agreed otherwise?

<p>The reasons upon which it is based only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Sec-18 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>It ensures equal treatment of parties in the arbitral proceeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Sec-19, what power is granted to the Arbitrator regarding the rules of procedure?

<p>To decide on the admissibility of evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sec-20 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act relate to?

<p>Place of hearing for arbitration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Sec-23 regarding arbitral proceedings?

<p>Statement of claim and defense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Sec-18 ensure fairness in arbitral proceedings?

<p>By giving parties equality in treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does an Arbitrator have in determining the place of arbitration under Sec-20?

<p>Decide on place if no agreement exists or determined by Arbitrator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect does Sec-19 differ from Sec-18 regarding arbitral proceedings?

<p>Admissibility and weight of evidence determination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Parties are free to agree on the procedure' is covered under which section of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>Sec-21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Place of arbitration shall be determined by Arbitrator as appropriate considering circumstances' falls under which section?

<p>Sec-20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the conciliator according to Section 67 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>To assist parties in reaching an amicable settlement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are proposals for a settlement made by the conciliator during conciliation proceedings?

<p>Are not required to be in writing or accompanied by reasons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of a settlement agreement as per Section 74 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>It has the same effect as an arbitral award on agreed terms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the status of a settlement agreement under Section 74 compare to an arbitral award under Section 30?

<p>They have equal legal standing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parties signing a settlement agreement under Section 73 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>It becomes final and binding on the parties involved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered when estimating the loss from a breach of contract?

<p>The means available to remedy the inconvenience caused by the breach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the entitlement of a party if a contract specifies a sum to be paid in case of breach?

<p>Reasonable compensation not exceeding the specified sum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996?

<p>To provide a framework for arbitration and conciliation in India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective date of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996, as per the text?

<p>25.01.1996 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is a person entitled to compensation for damage due to non-fulfillment of a contract?

<p>When they rightfully rescind a contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of the amendment made by Act 33 of 2019 to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996?

<p>Establishment of the Arbitration Council of India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of arbitration agreements, what does 'Arbitration' refer to?

<p>Legal recourse available as part of a contractual agreement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, what power does a judicial authority have regarding arbitration agreements?

<p>To refer parties to arbitration if an arbitration agreement exists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an arbitration agreement being required to be in writing?

<p>To establish the validity and intent of the parties involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disputes must an arbitration agreement cover according to the text?

<p>Any disputes related to a defined legal relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can conciliation proceedings be terminated according to the text?

<p>By the signing of the settlement agreement by the parties on the date of agreement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should the parties abstain from during conciliation proceedings?

<p>Initiating any arbitral or judicial proceedings related to the dispute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for a company to be careful with contractual details as emphasized in the text?

<p>To prevent misinterpretations that could affect contractual obligations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can alter the meaning of a complex business arrangement?

<p>A simple misplaced comma in a contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as one of the challenges in managing contractual relationships?

<p>Overlooking procedural and practical aspects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an arbitral award is not made within six months?

<p>The provisions of section 29A apply with regard to extension of the period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does an arbitrator have in encouraging settlement during arbitral proceedings?

<p>Use mediation or conciliation to encourage settlement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must an Arbitration Award include according to the text?

<p>Reasons for the decision unless agreed otherwise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status and effect of an Arbitration Award on agreed terms compared to other awards?

<p>It carries the same status and effect as any other arbitral award. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should an Arbitrator deliver a signed copy of the award to each party?

<p>Immediately after making the award. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can an arbitration agreement be discharged by the death of a party involved?

<p>No, it remains enforceable by or against the legal representative of the deceased. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the party initiating conciliation under Section 62 does not receive a reply within thirty days from sending the invitation?

<p>The initiator can treat it as a rejection and proceed accordingly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the confidentiality requirements under Section 42A of the Arbitration Act?

<p>Confidentiality is maintained except for disclosing the award for implementation and enforcement purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of rejecting an invitation to conciliate under Section 62 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

<p>The conciliation proceedings are terminated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mandate of an arbitrator in case of the death of a party by whom they were appointed?

<p>The mandate continues regardless of the death of any party involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does the Arbitrator have under Sec-20 regarding the place of arbitration?

<p>To determine the place of arbitration as appropriate considering the circumstances of the case (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Sec-23, what must a claimant submit within the specified time period?

<p>Statement of claim and relief sought (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does the Arbitral tribunal have under Sec-19 regarding rules of procedure?

<p>To determine admissibility, relevance, and weight of evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of conducting arbitral proceedings according to Sec-18?

<p>Give each party an opportunity to present their case fully (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conducting proceedings, what does Sec-19 state regarding evidence?

<p>The Tribunal can decide on admissibility, relevance, and weight of evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parties in determining the place of arbitration under Sec-20?

<p>Parties can suggest the place but the Arbitrator decides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What freedom do parties have under Sec-19 regarding the procedure in arbitral proceedings?

<p>'Parties are free to agree on the procedure to be followed' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Claimant shall submit statement of facts supporting his claim and relief sought' refers to which section?

<p>'Sec-23' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Place of arbitration shall be determined by Arbitrator as appropriate considering circumstances' is specified in which section?

<p>'Sec-20' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Parties may submit all relevant documents along with their statements' is related to which section?

<p>'Sec-23' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Breach of Contract Quiz
5 questions

Breach of Contract Quiz

ReachableDemantoid avatar
ReachableDemantoid
Breach of Contract Quiz
5 questions

Breach of Contract Quiz

WellPositionedOtter avatar
WellPositionedOtter
Contract Breach Compensation Quiz
56 questions
Compensation for Breach of Contract Quiz
57 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser