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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'literature'?
What is the origin of the word 'literature'?
- Roman term (correct)
- French term
- Greek term
- German term
According to Brother Azurin, how does literature express the feelings of people?
According to Brother Azurin, how does literature express the feelings of people?
- To society, government, surroundings, and more (correct)
- To animals and nature
- To machines and technology
- Only to oneself
What is the characteristic of 'true literature' according to PANITIKANG FILIPINO?
What is the characteristic of 'true literature' according to PANITIKANG FILIPINO?
- It contains scientific facts
- It expresses feelings and emotions of people in different situations (correct)
- It is only about fictional characters
- It is temporary
How does the website Britannica define literature?
How does the website Britannica define literature?
How can literature be classified according to the text?
How can literature be classified according to the text?
What are the products of written literature called?
What are the products of written literature called?
What are the four essential elements in poetry?
What are the four essential elements in poetry?
What is the main purpose of poetry?
What is the main purpose of poetry?
Which literary device involves the repeating of same consonant sounds?
Which literary device involves the repeating of same consonant sounds?
Which type of poetry focuses more on expressing feelings rather than telling a story?
Which type of poetry focuses more on expressing feelings rather than telling a story?
What does rhythm in poetry mainly concern?
What does rhythm in poetry mainly concern?
Which literary device uses the actual sound to represent someone or something?
Which literary device uses the actual sound to represent someone or something?
What are the parts of the narrative structure or plot?
What are the parts of the narrative structure or plot?
Which form of literature is characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form?
Which form of literature is characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form?
What is the main focus of Philippine literature themes?
What is the main focus of Philippine literature themes?
Which literary element adds color to any type of literature, especially poetry?
Which literary element adds color to any type of literature, especially poetry?
What literary devices are mentioned in the text as used in literary texts?
What literary devices are mentioned in the text as used in literary texts?
Which literary type tells a story and contains elements like characters and setting?
Which literary type tells a story and contains elements like characters and setting?
Which literary work associated Filipinos' struggle for independence with Jesus' life during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Which literary work associated Filipinos' struggle for independence with Jesus' life during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Who made powerful contributions among Filipinos by introducing the rejection of Spanish rule through literary works during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Who made powerful contributions among Filipinos by introducing the rejection of Spanish rule through literary works during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Which narrative poems talked about royals, warriors, and lovers during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Which narrative poems talked about royals, warriors, and lovers during the Spanish Colonial Period?
During which colonial period did Philippine literature in Spanish start to lose its track in the first decade?
During which colonial period did Philippine literature in Spanish start to lose its track in the first decade?
'Crisalidas' and 'Se deshojo la Flor' are works that discussed revolution and sentiments for patriotism during which period?
'Crisalidas' and 'Se deshojo la Flor' are works that discussed revolution and sentiments for patriotism during which period?
'Florante at Laura' embodied the concept of colonization and oppression, becoming a voice for revolutionary action during which period?
'Florante at Laura' embodied the concept of colonization and oppression, becoming a voice for revolutionary action during which period?
What themes were commonly depicted in Filipino poetry during the period of the New Society?
What themes were commonly depicted in Filipino poetry during the period of the New Society?
Where were old plays like the Tagalog Zarzuela and Cenaculo presented during the New Society period?
Where were old plays like the Tagalog Zarzuela and Cenaculo presented during the New Society period?
What annual event celebrated Filipino films exclusively during the New Society period?
What annual event celebrated Filipino films exclusively during the New Society period?
Who was the lead performer in the film 'Maynila...Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag'?
Who was the lead performer in the film 'Maynila...Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag'?
In which art form did newspapers take on new forms during the New Society period?
In which art form did newspapers take on new forms during the New Society period?
Which play series was NOT mentioned as a form of recreation in the text?
Which play series was NOT mentioned as a form of recreation in the text?
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Study Notes
Definition of Literature
- The word "literature" is derived from the Latin term "litera," meaning "letter."
- Literature has been defined differently by various writers:
- Brother Azurin: expresses the feelings of people to society, government, surroundings, fellowmen, and Divine Creator.
- Webster: anything printed that is related to the ideas and feelings of people, whether true or imaginary.
- Panitikang Filipino: a piece of written work that is undying, expressing feelings and emotions of people in response to everyday life.
- Britannica: traditionally defined as a body of written works associated with imaginative and creative works of poetry and prose, classified by language, national origin, historical period, genre, and subject matter.
Characteristics of a Literary Text
- A literary text narrates a story.
- It expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas, which can be based on imagination or real-life experiences.
- It delivers significant information and crosses boundaries of time, places, and cultures.
Literary Structure
- Refers to the organizational method used in literature.
- The most common type is the narrative structure, which consists of:
- Exposition
- Rising action
- Climax
- Falling action
- Resolution (denouement)
Forms of Literature
- Two major forms of literature:
- Poetry:
- Usually written in lines and characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form.
- Its main purpose is to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
- Can be divided into three types:
- Narrative poetry
- Dramatic poetry
- Lyric poetry
- Prose
- Poetry:
Elements of Poetry
- Form
- Imagery
- Rhythm
- Sound
- Devices such as repetition, alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia
Importance of Studying Literature
- Not explicitly stated in the text, but implied
Philippine Literature
- A diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country's history.
- Started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence.
- Focuses on the country's pre-colonial cultural traditions and socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
Literary History of the Philippines
- The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1897):
- Filipino writers in Spanish became conscious of the search for freedom.
- Examples:
- Pascual Poblete's Patnubay sa Binyagan
- Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
- Awit and Corrido
- Francisco Baltazar's Florante at Laura
- Komedya
- The American Colonial Period (1898-1945):
- Philippine literature in Spanish started to lose its track.
- Examples:
- Poems of Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Crisalidas)
- Balmori's Se deshojo la Flor novel
- Others discussed revolution and sentiments for patriotism and reform
- The Period of the New Society:
- Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, and the beauties of nature and surroundings.
- Examples:
- Maynila…Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag
- Minsa’y Isang Gamu-Gamo
- Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon
- Insiang
- Aguila
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