Essential Economic Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does a Production Possibilities Graph show?

  • The total cost of production for two goods in a given time period
  • The price elasticity of demand for two goods
  • The maximum possible combinations of two goods that can be produced in a given time period with available resources (correct)
  • The total revenue generated from the sale of two goods

What are the 4 factors of production?

  • Land, labor, money, and technology
  • Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship (correct)
  • Land, resources, production, and distribution
  • Labor, capital, goods, and services

What are the 3 key economic questions?

  • What to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce (correct)
  • Why to produce, who to produce for, and how to produce efficiently
  • When to produce, where to produce, and how much to produce
  • Who to produce for, how to distribute, and when to produce

Define market failure.

<p>A situation in which the market does not allocate resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Law of Demand.

<p>As the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded increases, and vice versa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define complements and give one example.

<p>Goods that are consumed together, like peanut butter and jelly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the situation where limited resources cannot satisfy all the needs and wants of people?

<p>Scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the risk-taking individual who combines the other factors of production to create and market new goods or services?

<p>Entrepreneur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the value of the next best alternative that is given up when making a choice?

<p>Opportunity cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'guns or butter' refer to in economics?

<p>Trade-offs between military and civilian spending (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which all resources are used to produce the goods and services that people most want?

<p>Efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goods that are both non-excludable and non-rival in consumption?

<p>Public goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the situation where limited resources cannot satisfy all the needs and wants of people?

<p>Scarcity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Production Possibilities Graph show?

<p>Alternative combinations of goods that an economy can produce given its available resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the risk-taking individual who combines the other factors of production to create and market new goods or services?

<p>Entrepreneur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 key economic questions?

<p>What to produce, how to produce, for whom to produce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define free enterprise.

<p>An economic system where individuals are free to own businesses and make economic choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define market failure.

<p>When the market is unable to allocate resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define elastic demand and give one example.

<p>When a change in price leads to a proportionally smaller change in quantity demanded; luxury goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 economic systems?

<p>Market economy, planned economy, mixed economy, traditional economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define free enterprise.

<p>An economic system where private individuals or groups have the right to own property and businesses and make a profit with limited government intervention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define substitutes and give one example.

<p>Goods that are consumed instead of each other, e.g., tea and coffee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 factors that can cause the demand curve to shift to the right?

<p>Change in consumer income, change in consumer tastes, change in expectations, change in the number of consumers, change in the price of related goods, change in technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 economic systems?

<p>Capitalism, socialism, communism, mixed economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define complements and give one example.

<p>Goods that are consumed together and complement each other, e.g., computers and software (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define inelastic demand and give one example.

<p>Demand that is unaffected by price changes, e.g., salt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 factors that can cause the demand curve to shift to the right?

<p>Changes in income, price of substitutes, price of complements, population, expectations, advertising (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that can affect elasticity of supply?

<p>Availability of substitutes for production inputs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that can cause the supply curve to shift to the left?

<p>Natural disasters affecting production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define equilibrium.

<p>A state of balance where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 uses of money?

<p>Medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category makes up the largest percentage of mandatory spending?

<p>Social Security and Medicare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of inflation?

<p>A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 uses of money?

<p>Medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category makes up the largest percentage of mandatory spending?

<p>Social Security and Medicare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of inflation?

<p>A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NAFTA?

<p>To promote trade and economic integration between the United States, Canada, and Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important job of the Federal Reserve?

<p>Controlling the money supply and interest rates to maintain economic stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define comparative advantage.

<p>The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important job of the Federal Reserve?

<p>Controlling inflation and maintaining price stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define specialization. Why does specialization cause nations to trade with each other?

<p>Specialization is when a country focuses on producing a limited set of goods and services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define tariff.

<p>A tax on imported goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NAFTA?

<p>To eliminate trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, and the United States (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important job of the Federal Reserve?

<p>Controlling the nation's money supply and interest rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does specialization cause nations to do?

<p>Trade with each other to obtain goods and services they do not produce efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NAFTA?

<p>To promote trade and economic integration between the United States, Canada, and Mexico (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define trade surplus.

<p>A situation where a country exports more goods and services than it imports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define protectionism.

<p>The policy of restraining trade between countries through methods such as tariffs and quotas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Expansionary fiscal policies are designed to stimulate economic growth and increase aggregate demand.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contractionary fiscal policies are intended to slow down economic growth and decrease aggregate demand.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classical Economics is a school of economic thought that emphasizes the importance of free markets and minimal government intervention.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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