18 Questions
Which of the following is a pre-malignant lesion that results from metaplasia of esophageal mucosa into gastric or intestinal mucosa?
Barrett's Esophagus
What is the most common symptom associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
Heartburn
Which of the following is a feature of Barrett's Esophagus?
Presence of goblet cells
What may occur as a consequence of recurrent and persistent reflux in GERD?
Inflammation
Which factor does NOT predispose individuals to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
Low-fat diet
What type of genetic abnormalities/mutations are typically required for malignant transformation in diseases like esophageal adenocarcinoma?
Accumulative genetic abnormalities/mutations
What is the most common causative agent of gastritis that leads to an increased risk of adenocarcinoma?
H. pylori
Which bacterial enzyme, produced by H. pylori, generates ammonia to protect the bacteria from the acidic environment?
Urease
What is the typical presentation of H. pylori infection in the stomach?
Antral gastritis
Which of the following complications is associated with stress ulcers in ICU patients?
Curling ulcers
What is the common pathological finding in individuals infected with H. pylori?
Lymphoid follicle formation with germinal centers
Which bacterial gene encodes toxins that play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis?
CagA
What is the major risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma?
Barrett's esophagus
What is the characteristic appearance of the gastroesophageal junction in a patient with Barrett's esophagus?
Red and rough
Which symptom is often associated with both gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma?
Dysphagia
Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
Helicobacter pylori infection
Which of the following protective measures is NOT found in the stomach?
$CO_2$ secretion
What is a common clinical complication associated with Barrett's esophagus?
$Eso$phageal strictures
Test your knowledge on the clinical features and presentation of esophageal cancer, which often includes symptoms like dysphagia, odynophagia, heartburn, and obstruction of the esophagus. Understand the significance of early metastasis and genetic abnormalities in the prognosis of this disease.
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