Esophageal Achalasia Pathology & Pathogenesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the predominant presenting symptom of reflux esophagitis?

  • Esophageal rupture
  • Mucosal ulceration
  • Severe weight loss
  • Burning chest pain (heartburn) (correct)
  • What can result from persistent or repetitive acid exposure to the esophageal mucosa?

  • Mucosal ulceration (correct)
  • Burning chest pain (heartburn)
  • Esophageal rupture
  • Severe weight loss
  • Which symptom is often worse at night in patients with reflux esophagitis?

  • Burning chest pain (heartburn) (correct)
  • Mucosal ulceration
  • Esophageal rupture
  • Severe weight loss
  • Without treatment, what can achalasia patients eventually experience?

    <p>Esophageal rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of achalasia imposing a high risk of aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>Esophageal rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of achalasia?

    <p>Defective innervation of smooth muscle in the esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In achalasia, what happens to the lower esophageal sphincter tone?

    <p>It becomes even more tightly contracted and does not relax properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of botulinum toxin in treating achalasia?

    <p>Diminishes the excitatory pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction over time?

    <p>Tremendous enlargement of the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system pathway is defective in achalasia?

    <p>Esophageal enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the lower esophageal sphincter tone in achalasia compared to normal?

    <p>Even more tightly contracted and does not relax properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with esophageal achalasia?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major motor function abnormality seen in patients with esophageal achalasia?

    <p>Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of esophageal achalasia?

    <p>Degeneration of the myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions results from inappropriate lower esophageal sphincter relaxation?

    <p>Reflux esophagitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause esophageal involvement similar to esophageal achalasia?

    <p>Trypanosoma cruzi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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