Esophageal Achalasia Pathology & Pathogenesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the predominant presenting symptom of reflux esophagitis?

  • Esophageal rupture
  • Mucosal ulceration
  • Severe weight loss
  • Burning chest pain (heartburn) (correct)

What can result from persistent or repetitive acid exposure to the esophageal mucosa?

  • Mucosal ulceration (correct)
  • Burning chest pain (heartburn)
  • Esophageal rupture
  • Severe weight loss

Which symptom is often worse at night in patients with reflux esophagitis?

  • Burning chest pain (heartburn) (correct)
  • Mucosal ulceration
  • Esophageal rupture
  • Severe weight loss

Without treatment, what can achalasia patients eventually experience?

<p>Esophageal rupture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of achalasia imposing a high risk of aspiration pneumonia?

<p>Esophageal rupture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of achalasia?

<p>Defective innervation of smooth muscle in the esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In achalasia, what happens to the lower esophageal sphincter tone?

<p>It becomes even more tightly contracted and does not relax properly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of botulinum toxin in treating achalasia?

<p>Diminishes the excitatory pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction over time?

<p>Tremendous enlargement of the esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system pathway is defective in achalasia?

<p>Esophageal enteric nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the lower esophageal sphincter tone in achalasia compared to normal?

<p>Even more tightly contracted and does not relax properly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with esophageal achalasia?

<p>Dysphagia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major motor function abnormality seen in patients with esophageal achalasia?

<p>Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of esophageal achalasia?

<p>Degeneration of the myenteric plexus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions results from inappropriate lower esophageal sphincter relaxation?

<p>Reflux esophagitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite can cause esophageal involvement similar to esophageal achalasia?

<p>Trypanosoma cruzi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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