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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of mature erythrocytes?

  • Biconcave discs (correct)
  • Spherical
  • Cylindrical
  • Elliptical

    • What is the function of the antioxidant enzymes present in erythrocytes?

  • They help in the production of ATP
  • They maintain water balance in the cell
  • They aid in oxygen transportation
  • They rid the body of harmful oxygen radicals (correct)

    • What mechanism allows erythrocytes to change shape as necessary?

  • The presence of a nucleus
  • The large surface area
  • The abundance of hemoglobin
  • The deformable spectrin net (correct)

    • Why do erythrocytes have a larger surface area compared to spherical cells of the same volume?

    <p>The disc shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of an erythrocyte is hemoglobin?

    <p>Over 97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do erythrocytes generate ATP?

    <p>Anaerobically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

    <p>To transport respiratory gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein that makes red blood cells red?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of hemoglobin in adult females?

    <p>12-16 g/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason hemoglobin is contained in erythrocytes?

    <p>To prevent leakage from the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxygen loading occur?

    <p>In the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxygen-deficient blood moving through the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are erythrocytes shaped like biconcave discs?

    <p>To maximize surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hemoglobin in the transportation of respiratory gases?

    <p>Binds reversibly with oxygen for transport in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spectrin net in erythrocytes?

    <p>Enable deformability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of hemoglobin bears an iron ion in its center?

    <p>Heme group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hemoglobin contained within erythrocytes and not found freely in plasma?

    <p>To maintain osmotic balance between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do antioxidant enzymes play in erythrocytes?

    <p>Protect against harmful oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of oxygen can a hemoglobin molecule transport?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do erythrocytes differ from other cells in terms of respiration?

    <p>They consume the oxygen they carry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, what is the resulting compound called?

    <p>Oxyhemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the cytoplasm of an erythrocyte is composed of hemoglobin?

    <p>Over 97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the red heme pigment in hemoglobin?

    <p>To aid in the reversible binding of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature of erythrocytes allows them to navigate through capillaries without getting stuck?

    <p>Deformable spectrin net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the iron ion (Fe2+) in hemoglobin?

    <p>To facilitate the binding of oxygen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do erythrocytes have a larger surface area compared to spherical cells of the same volume?

    <p>To allow them to navigate through capillaries without getting stuck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin affect the protein's shape?

    <p>It causes the protein to assume a new three-dimensional shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does blood viscosity increase with free hemoglobin in the bloodstream?

    <p>Free hemoglobin attracts more water molecules, making blood thicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hemoglobin molecule combines reversibly with one molecule of oxygen?

    <p>The iron atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iron in hemoglobin when oxygen binds to it in the lungs?

    <p>It is partially oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the biconcave disk shape of erythrocytes?

    <p>Increased surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of an erythrocyte that is composed of hemoglobin?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are erythrocytes able to efficiently transport oxygen?

    <p>Because they do not consume oxygen they carry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelles are lacking in mature erythrocytes?

    <p>Mitochondria and nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antioxidant enzymes contribute to erythrocyte function?

    <p>By ridding the body of harmful oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the structural proteins in erythrocytes?

    <p>To allow deformation and spring back into shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the plasma membrane of mature erythrocytes?

    <p>It is flexible and deformable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the anaerobic mechanisms of ATP generation in erythrocytes?

    <p>It makes them more efficient oxygen transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antioxidant enzymes present in erythrocytes?

    <p>To rid the body of harmful oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of an erythrocyte's composition that is not water?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the spectrin net that allows erythrocytes to deform and spring back into shape?

    <p>A deformable net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the biconcave disc shape of erythrocytes ideal for gas exchange?

    <p>Because no point within the cytoplasm is far from the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the blood?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the formation of erythrocytes?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of erythrocytes produced per second in healthy individuals?

    <p>Over 2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the process of erythropoiesis?

    <p>To produce erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having too few erythrocytes in the blood?

    <p>Tissue hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the biconcave shape of erythrocytes?

    <p>Efficient oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the kidneys in erythrocyte production?

    <p>To produce erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cell that is formed after an orthochromatic erythroblast has accumulated almost all of its hemoglobin?

    <p>Reticulocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of hemoglobin in adult males?

    <p>13-18 g/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of hemoglobin that binds to oxygen?

    <p>Iron ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of hemoglobin in adult males?

    <p>12–16 g/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many iron ions are present in a hemoglobin molecule?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the iron in hemoglobin being partially oxidized by oxygen?

    <p>Hemoglobin assumes a new three-dimensional shape and becomes ruby red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is essentially a young erythrocyte?

    <p>Reticulocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration from hematopoietic stem cell to reticulocyte?

    <p>15 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the biconcave shape of erythrocytes?

    <p>Nucleus degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>Stimulates red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that contributes to the efficient transport of oxygen by erythrocytes?

    <p>Biconcave shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the number of erythrocytes in the blood in response to tissue hypoxia?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myeloid stem cells in erythropoiesis?

    <p>Transform into proerythroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of the plasma membrane of mature erythrocytes?

    <p>It lacks organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the biconcave disk shape of erythrocytes in terms of gas exchange?

    <p>Increased proximity of cytoplasm to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of an erythrocyte is composed of water?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are erythrocytes efficient oxygen transporters?

    <p>They do not consume oxygen as they transport it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows erythrocytes to change shape as necessary?

    <p>The deformable spectrin net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason erythrocytes are able to deform and spring back into shape?

    <p>The function of structural proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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