Errors in Meiosis and Chromosome Alterations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of chromosome alteration results from a broken fragment reattaching as an extra segment?

  • Deletion
  • Duplication (correct)
  • Translocation
  • Inversion

    • Which term refers to the loss of a chromosomal fragment, resulting in the absence of certain genes?

  • Deletion (correct)
  • Duplication
  • Inversion
  • Translocation

    • When a chromosomal fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in reverse orientation, what type of alteration occurs?

  • Inversion (correct)
  • Duplication
  • Deletion
  • Translocation

    • What happens during nondisjunction in meiosis?

    <p>Abnormal chromosome distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from the presence of an extra chromosome?

    <p>Trisomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of pregnancy loss related to chromosome alterations?

    <p>Nondisjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase I during DNA replication?

    <p>Removing RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA polymerase III differ in its function from DNA polymerase I?

    <p>Synthesizing the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does chromatin condense to form visible chromosomes?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, what is the role of chromatin during interphase?

    <p>Exists as dispersed thin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

    <p>Copying DNA into mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nitrogenous base pairs in DNA forms three hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Guanine with cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of DNA replication, what is the role of helicase?

    <p>Unwinding the double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chargaff's rules, what can be said about the percentages of A and T bases in DNA?

    <p>The percentages of A and T bases are roughly equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's experiment with the T2 phage?

    <p>DNA, not protein, enters bacterial cells during infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Watson and Crick's model, how do adenine and thymine pair in DNA?

    <p>Via two hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Relieving strain ahead of the replication fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experiment provided additional evidence for DNA as the genetic material by showing that viral DNA enters bacterial cells during infection?

    <p>Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's experiment with the T2 phage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the semiconservative model of DNA replication from other types?

    <p>Each daughter molecule has one old and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Chargaff's rules, what does it mean when it is said that 'DNA base composition varies between species'?

    <p>The ratios of A-T and G-C bases differ among species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having specific enzyme activities like primase during DNA replication?

    <p>It synthesizes RNA primers as starting points for DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do post-translational modifications influence a protein?

    <p>Affect the protein's activity and localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a corepressor play in gene regulation?

    <p>Inhibits the repressor from binding to the operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bacteria, what happens when an inducer binds to a repressor protein?

    <p>The repressor is inactivated, turning off an operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a regulatory gene in bacteria?

    <p>Controls the transcription of other genes by coding for regulatory proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does E.coli prioritize energy sources when both glucose and lactose are present?

    <p>Primarily utilizes glucose as an energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does adding lactose to E.coli's environment have on β-galactosidase production?

    <p>Increases enzyme production significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

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