Podcast
Questions and Answers
Erectile dysfunction is considered a marker for which systemic condition?
Erectile dysfunction is considered a marker for which systemic condition?
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cardiovascular disease (correct)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Which physiological process is directly facilitated by parasympathetic nervous stimulation (S2-4) in the context of achieving an erection?
Which physiological process is directly facilitated by parasympathetic nervous stimulation (S2-4) in the context of achieving an erection?
- Smooth muscle contraction of the corpora cavernosa, limiting blood engorgement
- Venous dilation, preventing blood from being trapped in the penis
- Arterial dilation, increasing blood flow to the penis (correct)
- Arterial constriction, decreasing blood flow to the penis
What is the primary role of the sinusoids within the corpora cavernosa during an erection?
What is the primary role of the sinusoids within the corpora cavernosa during an erection?
- To enlarge and fill with blood, contributing to rigidity (correct)
- To dilate veins and allow drainage, controlling the erection
- To contract and expel blood, reducing engorgement
- To constrict and limit blood flow into the penis
Under what neurological influence is an erection reversed?
Under what neurological influence is an erection reversed?
Which hormonal influence facilitates arousal by acting on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
Which hormonal influence facilitates arousal by acting on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
Which hormonal imbalance can contribute to erectile dysfunction by affecting the hormonal 'priming' of sexual brain centers?
Which hormonal imbalance can contribute to erectile dysfunction by affecting the hormonal 'priming' of sexual brain centers?
What physiological process is directly targeted by medications like sildenafil (Viagra) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What physiological process is directly targeted by medications like sildenafil (Viagra) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
Which of the following factors primarily impairs the veno-occlusive ability of the penis, contributing to erectile dysfunction?
Which of the following factors primarily impairs the veno-occlusive ability of the penis, contributing to erectile dysfunction?
If a patient with erectile dysfunction is suspected of having a psychological component contributing to their condition, what is the most appropriate initial step in their management?
If a patient with erectile dysfunction is suspected of having a psychological component contributing to their condition, what is the most appropriate initial step in their management?
Which diagnostic measure is LEAST useful in determining the etiology of erectile dysfunction?
Which diagnostic measure is LEAST useful in determining the etiology of erectile dysfunction?
Flashcards
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Inability to achieve or maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual performance.
Causes of ED
Causes of ED
Can be psychogenic, organic, or a combination of both.
Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System
Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System
Stimulates arousal and causes arterial dilation and increased blood flow for erection.
Metabolic Syndrome and ED
Metabolic Syndrome and ED
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Hormonal Influence on ED
Hormonal Influence on ED
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Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction
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Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Manifestations
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Hormonal Factors
Hormonal Factors
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Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnostic Criteria
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Treatment Options
Treatment Options
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Study Notes
Erectile Dysfunction
- Definition: Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.
- Prevalence: 150 million men worldwide.
- Causes:
- Psychogenic
- Organic
- Both
- Associated conditions: Marker for cardiovascular disease and component of metabolic syndrome.
Erectile Dysfunction Pathophysiology
- Arousal problems:
- Parasympathetic nervous stimulation (S2-4)
- Arterial dilation, increased blood flow
- Smooth muscle relaxation of corpora cavernosa
- Sinusoids enlarge
- Compress veins, venous occlusion: blood trapped(Erection reversed under sympathetic influence)
- Facilitation by androgen activity on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
Erectile Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations
- Inability to achieve and maintain erection: Dependent on cause.
- Hormonal factors:
- Hypogonadism
- Hypothyroidism
- Adrenal cortical hormone dysfunction
- Inadequate hormonal priming of the sexual centers of the brain.
- Neurological factors:
- Spinal cord or perineal nerve injury
- Inadequate nerve signaling to penile vessels
- Psychological factors:
- Anxiety, low self-esteem, depression
- Inadequate arousal
- Vascular obstruction:
- Hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular obstruction, and smoking disallow blood flow to the corpora cavernosa and spongiosa, preventing erection.
- Impaired veno-occlusive ability: Inability to trap blood within the corpora cavernosa.
- Certain medications: Some antihypertensives can inhibit hormone and erectile function.
Erectile Dysfunction Diagnostic Criteria
- History and physical examination: Medical, sexual, and psychosocial (drug use, alcohol).
- Identify cause.
- Serum hormone level measurement:
- Testosterone
- LH
- Thyroid
- Prolactin
Erectile Dysfunction Treatment
- Individualized and dependent on etiology: Physical, psychological, and both aspects.
- Psychosocial support: Mental health professional.
- Pharmacologic treatment:
- Smooth muscle relaxation and vascular congestion in corpora cavernosa to maintain erection using medications such as Sildenafil (Viagra), Tadalafil (Cialis), Vardenafil (Levitra).
- Penile implants: To help maintain erection.
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