Week 2 Topic 2: Convert an ERD to tables

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Questions and Answers

In the context of converting ERDs to tables, what does an entity typically become?

  • A relationship between tables
  • A column in a database
  • A table with attributes as columns (correct)
  • A row in a table

Which notation correctly represents a table definition?

  • TABLENAME (attribute1, attribute2, attribute3) (correct)
  • TABLENAME {attribute1, attribute2, attribute3}
  • TABLENAME <attribute1, attribute2, attribute3>
  • TABLENAME [attribute1, attribute2, attribute3]

In table definitions, what does the underline signify?

  • Indexed attribute
  • Foreign key
  • Unique attribute
  • Primary key (correct)

Which of the following is the best practice when naming tables based on entities?

<p>Use singular forms (e.g., 'customer') (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a foreign key in relational database tables?

<p>To establish a link to another table (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a one-to-many relationship, where does the foreign key typically reside?

<p>In the 'many' side table (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of database design, what is a junction table used for?

<p>To resolve many-to-many relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a composite primary key?

<p>A primary key composed of multiple columns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ORDERPRODUCT table, which fields typically function as both primary and foreign keys?

<p>OrderID and ProductID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a one-to-one relationship be used in database design?

<p>To implement table inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to foreign keys, compared to primary keys?

<p>They establish relationships between tables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an attribute should be both a primary key and reference another table. How is this implemented in a junction table?

<p>The attribute is included as part of a composite primary key and also defined as a foreign key. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a database for a library, books can have multiple authors, and authors can write multiple books. How would you represent this relationship when converting the ERD to tables?

<p>Create a junction table called 'BookAuthors' with 'BookID' and 'AuthorID' as a composite primary key and foreign keys. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting an ERD to tables and implementing a one-to-one relationship for 'access control' on sensitive data, what is the primary design consideration?

<p>Separate sensitive attributes into a new table linked by a primary key-foreign key relationship to control access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What design considerations should be accounted for when a junction table includes additional columns beyond the foreign keys?

<p>These attributes describe the relationship itself, and the primary key remains the composite key of the related tables' IDs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given two entities, A and B, in a one-to-one relationship where A contains critical identification data, and B contains optional supplementary data. If frequent queries only require A's data, how should this relationship be optimized for performance?

<p>Merge A and B into a single table to minimize join operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of converting ERDs to relational database schemas, how does the choice between using a junction table versus embedding a multi-valued attribute impact query complexity and data integrity?

<p>Junction tables increase query complexity but enhance data integrity by normalizing the relationship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider implementing a 'soft delete' strategy (marking records as deleted instead of physical deletion) in a database converted from an ERD. How does this impact the design of primary and foreign key relationships, especially within junction tables?

<p>Soft deletes require adding a 'Deleted' flag to all related tables and updating foreign key constraints to ignore 'deleted' records. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a scenario where a database is being designed to track complex supply chain relationships, involving multiple entities with varying cardinalities and optional attributes. Which strategy best balances the need for query performance, data integrity, and flexibility in accommodating future changes?

<p>Implement a hybrid approach, selectively denormalizing frequently accessed data while maintaining normalization for critical relationships and optional attributes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are tasked with designing a database for a social networking platform where users can follow each other. Considering the potential for billions of users and complex relationship queries, which relational database design strategy would be most scalable and efficient for managing the 'follows' relationship?

<p>Implementing a junction table with clustered indexes to optimize query performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ERD to Tables

Entities in an ERD become tables, with the entity's attributes becoming the columns of the table.

Foreign Key

An attribute in a table that links to another table, establishing a relationship based on shared data.

One-to-Many Foreign Key

In a one-to-many relationship, the 'many' side table receives a foreign key referencing the 'one' side's primary key.

Junction Table

A linking table in a many-to-many relationship that contains the primary keys of the related tables as foreign keys.

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Composite Primary Key

A primary key composed of multiple columns, often found in junction tables.

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One-to-One for Access Control

A table used to store confidential data separately, linked by a one-to-one relationship.

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Table inheritance

Using one-to-one relationship to inherit attributes from another table

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Study Notes

  • The conversion of ERDs to tables is the second stage in the database development process.

Entities to Tables

  • Entities from an ERD are converted into tables, with the entity's attributes becoming the columns of the table.
  • Table definitions are written using the notation TABLENAME (attribute1, attribute2, attribute3,...), where the underlined attribute represents the primary key.
  • Table names are conventionally singular.
  • The order of attributes is not important, but the primary key is usually placed first.
  • For example, a ‘customer’ entity becomes a CUSTOMER table with attributes CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Phone, and Address.

Foreign Keys

  • Foreign Keys connect tables by establishing a link between them, based on shared data.
  • Foreign keys are attributes that depend on the type of relation: one-to-many, many-to-many, and one-to-one.
  • Foreign keys do not appear on ERDs.

One-to-Many Relations

  • In a one-to-many relation, the "many" side entity receives a foreign key attribute.
  • The foreign key in the "many" side table contains the primary key from the "one" side table it relates to.
  • For example, the CustomerID is added to the ORDER table as a foreign key (CustomerID) to link customers to their orders.
  • Tables are connected with primary keys and foreign keys

Many-to-Many Relations

  • In a many-to-many relation, a junction table is created to connect the two entities.
  • A junction table contains the primary keys of both tables, acting as both foreign and primary keys.
  • A primary key with multiple columns is called a composite primary key.
  • For example, in an online shop database, the ORDERPRODUCT table connects ORDER and PRODUCT tables, and contains OrderID and ProductID, and Quantity.

Online Shop Example

  • The final tables for an online shop database example are:
    • CUSTOMER (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Phone, Address)
    • ORDER (OrderID, DateTime, CustomerID)
    • PRODUCT (ProductID, Description, Price, BrandID)
    • BRAND (BrandID, Address, Phone)
    • ORDERPRODUCT (OrderID, ProductID, Quantity)

One-to-One Relations

  • One-to-one relationships can be used in scenarios where:
    • Access control is needed for confidential data, placing that data in a separate table.
    • Table inheritance is desired to add more attributes to a table.
  • Example of table inheritance
    • PERSON (PersonID, FirstName, LastName, DOB, Address)
    • STUDENT (PersonID, StudentNo, Degree, ATAR)
    • STAFF (PersonID, StaffNo, Office, Salary)

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