Eratosthenes' Measurement of Earth's Circumference

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Questions and Answers

What is the Greek meaning of 'Planetes'?

  • Moving stars
  • Fixed stars
  • Shining stars
  • Wandering stars (correct)

What is the apparent yearly motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky due to Earth's revolution?

  • Monthly motion
  • Annual motion (correct)
  • Diurnal motion
  • Hourly motion

What is the collective name for the thirteen constellations?

  • Zodiac (correct)
  • Cosmos
  • Galaxy
  • Aurora

What occurs when the sun crosses the celestial equator?

<p>Equinox (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Earth's axis during equinoxes?

<p>It is tilted neither towards nor away from the sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the sun is at the farthest declination from the celestial equator?

<p>Solstice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was observed by ancient astronomers about the motion of planets?

<p>The planets seem to move westward and then eastward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument did Tycho Brahe use to record the position of the sun, moon, and planets?

<p>Giant protractors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Johannes Kepler able to derive from Tycho Brahe's data?

<p>The orbital path of Mars is elliptical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the orbits of all the planets according to Kepler's First Law?

<p>Elliptical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the line joining a planet and the Sun according to Kepler's Second Law?

<p>It sweeps out equal areas in space in equal intervals of time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a planet's orbital period and its semimajor axis?

<p>The square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason Tycho Brahe was not able to develop a better model than Ptolemy's?

<p>He did not have the ability to analyze his data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between natural and violent motion according to Aristotle?

<p>Natural motion is inherent, while violent motion is imposed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement or change in location of an object over time?

<p>Motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a motion that is uniformly accelerated, according to Galileo?

<p>Its speed increases by equal increments in equal times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a planet's speed and its distance from the sun?

<p>A planet moves fastest when it is nearest to the sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the four elements that Aristotle considered as the proper places?

<p>Earth, water, air, and fire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of horizontal motion?

<p>It occurs in a straight line without any external force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate distance in kilometers that Eratosthenes estimated to be the Earth's circumference?

<p>40,000 km (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the Greeks' preference for a spherical Earth?

<p>Sense of symmetry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main point of contention between Aristotle and Galileo regarding horizontal motion?

<p>The need for external force to maintain motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Galileo's experiment at the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

<p>To show that the rate of fall is independent of an object's mass. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the central idea behind the geocentric model developed by 4th-century BC Greek philosophers?

<p>The Sun, Moon, and planets orbit the Earth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what determines the rate of fall of an object?

<p>The object's mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a telescope in astronomy?

<p>To see faraway objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Eratosthenes calculate the Earth's circumference?

<p>By measuring the distance between Syene and Alexandria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the limitation of Galileo's experiment at the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

<p>The lack of a vacuum to test the hypothesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of free fall?

<p>It is a type of motion where gravity is the only force acting on an object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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