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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of equivalent propositions in the formulation of an argument?
What is the main objective of equivalent propositions in the formulation of an argument?
- To clarify the meaning of the original proposition (correct)
- To change the quantity of the subject term
- To illustrate the difference between main forms of eduction
- To introduce new information
What is the process of eduction that involves changing the quality of the proposition and changing the predicate term to its contradictory or complement?
What is the process of eduction that involves changing the quality of the proposition and changing the predicate term to its contradictory or complement?
- Ob-version (correct)
- Restating propositions
- Contra-position
- Conversion
What is the role of the subject term in the process of ob-version?
What is the role of the subject term in the process of ob-version?
- To illustrate the difference between main forms of eduction
- To introduce new information
- To retain the quantity of the proposition (correct)
- To change the quantity of the proposition
What is the result of changing the obvertend to its obverse?
What is the result of changing the obvertend to its obverse?
What is the term used to describe the original proposition in the process of ob-version?
What is the term used to describe the original proposition in the process of ob-version?
What is the purpose of the three rules in the process of ob-version?
What is the purpose of the three rules in the process of ob-version?
What is the main requirement of Rule 1 in conversion?
What is the main requirement of Rule 1 in conversion?
What is the first step in applying the rules of obversion?
What is the first step in applying the rules of obversion?
What happens to the quality of the proposition in conversion according to Rule 2?
What happens to the quality of the proposition in conversion according to Rule 2?
What is the result of obverting the proposition 'All senators are elected officials'?
What is the result of obverting the proposition 'All senators are elected officials'?
What is the implication of 'do not extend' in Rule 3?
What is the implication of 'do not extend' in Rule 3?
What is the type of conversion that allows a decrease in the quality of terms?
What is the type of conversion that allows a decrease in the quality of terms?
Which of the following is a valid application of obversion?
Which of the following is a valid application of obversion?
What is the logical relationship between the obvertend and its obverse?
What is the logical relationship between the obvertend and its obverse?
What is the result of violating Rule 3 in conversion?
What is the result of violating Rule 3 in conversion?
What is the convertend in the example given?
What is the convertend in the example given?
What is the purpose of the third rule of obversion?
What is the purpose of the third rule of obversion?
What is the result of obverting the proposition 'All Filipinos are Asians'?
What is the result of obverting the proposition 'All Filipinos are Asians'?
What is the difference between the convertend and converse of a proposition?
What is the difference between the convertend and converse of a proposition?
What is the process of combining conversion and obversion called?
What is the process of combining conversion and obversion called?
What happens to the quality and quantity of the proposition during contraposition?
What happens to the quality and quantity of the proposition during contraposition?
What is the result of applying Rule 1 of contraposition?
What is the result of applying Rule 1 of contraposition?
What is the purpose of Rule 2 of contraposition?
What is the purpose of Rule 2 of contraposition?
What is the relationship between the contraponend and the contrapositive?
What is the relationship between the contraponend and the contrapositive?
What type of propositions is simple contraposition applicable for?
What type of propositions is simple contraposition applicable for?
What is the correct succession order for contraposition?
What is the correct succession order for contraposition?
What type of proposition is 'All men are mortal beings' an example of?
What type of proposition is 'All men are mortal beings' an example of?
What is the contrapositive of the proposition 'All men are mortal beings'?
What is the contrapositive of the proposition 'All men are mortal beings'?
What is the result of applying contraposition to 'Some birds are not flying animals'?
What is the result of applying contraposition to 'Some birds are not flying animals'?
What does the mnemonic 'ContrApositiOn' represent?
What does the mnemonic 'ContrApositiOn' represent?
Study Notes
Equivalent Propositions
- An equivalent proposition is a proposition with the same meaning or truth-value as the original proposition.
- It is the second type of immediate inference, also known as eduction or restating propositions.
The Three Equivalent Propositions (Eduction)
- Obversion
- Conversion
- Contraposition
Obversion
- A process of eduction consisting of two changes:
- Changing the quality of the proposition (leaving the quantity the same)
- Changing the predicate term to its contradictory or complement
- Three rules to observe:
- Retain the subject and the quantity of the proposition
- Change the quality of the proposition
- Substitute the predicate with a contradictory term
- Applicable to all four categorical propositions (A, E, I, O)
Conversion
- A process of eduction involving two changes:
- Switching the subject term and the predicate term (leaving the quality and quantity of the proposition unaltered)
- Three rules to observe:
- Retain the subject and the quantity of the proposition
- Retain the quality of the proposition
- Do not extend any term
- Two types of conversion:
- Absolute or simple conversion
- Partial conversion
Contraposition
- A process of eduction combining conversion and obversion
- Consists of two changes:
- Switching the subject term and the predicate term (leaving the quality and quantity of the proposition unaltered)
- Complementing both the new subject and predicate terms
- Three rules to observe:
- Interchange the subject and the predicate terms
- Substitute the new subject and predicate terms with their contradictory or complementary term
- Applicable only to "A to A" and "O to O" propositions under simple contraposition, and "E to O" propositions under partial contraposition. Not applicable to "I to I" propositions.
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Description
Learn about equivalent propositions, a fundamental concept in logical reasoning. Understand the importance of equivalent propositions in forming arguments and identify differences between main forms of education. Test your knowledge with this quiz!
