5 Equine Pneumonia

What is the significance of determining the inciting pathogen in cases of equine pneumonia?

Why is it important to avoid indiscriminate antimicrobial use in treating equine pneumonia?

Which factor contributes most significantly to the increased risk of pneumonia in young horses during their first two years of life?

A 3-month-old foal presents with acute onset of dyspnea, fever, and cough. Which of the following diagnostic findings would be MOST consistent with a diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia?

When evaluating thoracic radiographs of a foal suspected of having Rhodococcus equi pneumonia, which characteristic finding would be most indicative of the disease?

What is the primary mechanism by which Rhodococcus equi establishes infection in foals?

What is the role of VapA (Virulence-associated protein A) in Rhodococcus equi's pathogenesis?

Considering the age susceptibility of foals to specific bacteria, in which age range is a foal most likely to be infected with Rhodococcus equi?

Which of the following is a primary clinical sign observed in foals affected by Rhodococcus equi pneumonia?

What is the most common isolate found during a transtracheal wash (TTW) in a horse with pneumonia or pleuropneumonia?

Which aspect of environmental management is most critical in reducing the risk of pneumonia in young horses?

What diagnostic procedure is essential for identifying the specific bacterial cause of pneumonia in a horse, especially in cases unresponsive to initial treatment?

A horse being transported long distances is at an increased risk of developing pneumonia primarily due to which factor?

Which of the following clinical signs would suggest a progression from bronchopneumonia to pleuropneumonia in a horse?

What is the primary goal of using antiulcer medication as an additional therapeutic in treating Rhodococcus equi infections?

What is the primary reason for monitoring herd health with complete blood counts (CBC) and fibrinogen levels every two weeks in a population at risk for Rhodococcus equi infection?

According to studies, what proportion of foals with small pulmonary abscesses due to Rhodococcus equi may recover without antimicrobial therapy?

Why are foals born in January or February considered at higher risk for contracting R. equi?

What is the most concerning adverse effect associated with macrolide use in equine medicine?

What is the appropriate treatment of Rhodococcus equi?

In addition to a Gram-positive bacteria, what other pathogen is more likely to be present in Equine Pneumonia?

When is hyperimmune plasma needed in Equine Pneumonia?

Which age range are weanlings in?

What age range do Yearlings fall into?

What is the best way to diagnose Pneumonia?

How does chronic disease lead to anemia?

Which of the following medications would be used as a bronchodilation?

What is another clinical sign besides pneumonia that Rhodococcus equi can cause?

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial pathogen of equine pneumonia?

Which of the following diagnostics confirms Streptococcus zooepidemicus?

Besides bacterial infections, what other conditions can cause equine pneumonia?

When would the patient not need rebreathing?

Where can a horse contract Rhodococcus equi?

Besides azithromycin/rifampin, what is a second choice of medication to treat Rhodococcus equi?

What does a thoracic radiograph of Rhodococcus equi present as?

During a physical exam, what is a symptom that indicates the development of pneumonia?

What is a bacterial pathogen found in adults that is unusual in foals?

What does VapA do inside Equine Macrophages with Rhodococcus equi?

What is the BEST prevention method if you have a neonate shedding live bacteria in the feces?

In managing a herd of young horses, what critical adjustment to environmental control can significantly minimize the risks associated with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia?

Considering the pathophysiology of Rhodococcus equi, which aspect of its interaction with the host immune system complicates treatment?

How does the presence of concurrent parasitic infections, such as Parascaris equorum, exacerbate the risk and severity of pneumonia in young horses?

Which aspect of managing a foal's environment is MOST likely to reduce the risk of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia?

What specific characteristic of VapA contributes directly to the persistence and severity of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals?

In cases of equine pneumonia complicated by pleuropneumonia, what finding on thoracic ultrasound would MOST strongly indicate the need for drainage?

Considering the complex interplay of factors contributing to equine pneumonia, which management strategy would be MOST effective in reducing disease incidence on a large breeding farm?

Given the pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi, why might aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) be used to prevent infection from R. equi?

What is the MOST significant rationale for carefully selecting and monitoring antimicrobial therapy in foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia?

In a foal diagnosed with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia and concurrent immune-mediated polysynovitis, what does the presence of the latter suggest about the disease process?

What is the underlying mechanism by which chronic pneumonia can lead to anemia in horses?

Why are foals born in January or February at a particular disadvantage, predisposing them to a greater risk of contracting Rhodococcus equi?

In a clinical scenario where a foal with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is non-responsive to initial macrolide and rifampin therapy, what would be the MOST appropriate next diagnostic step?

In cases of equine pneumonia, what is the primary rationale for administering anti-ulcer medications as part of the treatment plan?

What is the likely significance of identifying Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as the causative agent in a case of pneumonia in a mature horse?

An owner wants to adopt a neonate that has Rhodococcus equi, what is the BEST thing to tell them to prevent other horses from becoming infected?

If a 90-day old Thoroughbred foal shows signs of lethargy and increased respiratory rate, has crackles in cranioventral lung fields, and a fever of 103.5; what would be the next best differential?

What is the significance of identifying perihilar abscessation and alveolarization on thoracic radiographs for a foal suspected of having pneumonia?

When evaluating treatment methods on a farm with endemic Rhodococcus equi, how effective is antimicrobial therapy on foals with subclinical pulmonary abscesses?

What is the initial response to anti-microbial therapy in Arabian foals around 7 months old infected with Streptococcus zooepidemicus pneumonia?

Which findings would necessitate that a clinician should rebreath a horse diagnosed with Bronchopneumonia?

Identify the immune component from the options, that plays a significant role in the prevention of Equine Pneumonia?

Recognizing that transportation can elevate a horse's susceptibility to contracting pneumonia, what underlying cause primarily supports the condition?

How can a veterinary professional recognize/confirm the presence of Streptococcus zooepidemicus?

Which of the following could be a cause of Equine Pneumonia excluding bacteria?

During an examination, which of the following could indicate that the patient has developed Pneumonia?

When bacteria such as Rhodococcus equi are found, what function does VapA gene regulate inside Equine Macrophages?

Why do veterinarians complete blood counts and fibrinogen levels every two weeks in at-risk populations?

Which factor plays a key role in predisposing horses during long-distance transport to pneumonia?

Select which of the following is least likely to be used to treat Rhodococcus equi.

A group of yearlings must travel to a different facility, list what would improve their immunity and reduce their chances of developing pneumonia.

A neonatal foal is found to be shedding a live bacteria in its feces in its stall. What prevention method should the veterinarian prescribe?

If the patient requires additional therapeutics while fighting Rhodococcus equi infection, which of the following would be the BEST choice?

A client lives in a very dusty environment; to help prevent Equine Pneumonia from developing, what can the owner utilize to prevent this?

Under what circumstances may bacterial pneumonia in adult horses need to use multiple therapeutics?