Equine Musculoskeletal Examination Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the lameness exam described in the text?

To identify the source of pain in the horse's limb (correct)

To assess the horse's response to different stress and pressure on its limbs

To perform manipulations and flexion tests on the horse's limbs

To diagnose specific injuries in the horse's limb

Which factors should be controlled during the flexion tests, as mentioned in the text?

Duration of the stress and direction of the force (correct)

Speed of the stress and type of the force

Angle of the stress and force of duration

Intensity of the force and level of compression

What may result from compression on the soft tissues during flexion tests?

Tension on soft tissues

Stretching of nerves

Intra-articular pressure increase

Vascular constriction (correct)

What is the golden rule for conducting a thorough lameness exam?

Start distally and work proximally Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the motion exam described in the text?

To observe the horse's stride length and joint flexion angles Signup and view all the answers

According to the AAEP Scale, at what grade is the lameness consistently observable at a trot?

Grade 3 Signup and view all the answers

What gait is described as a 4-beat gait with a specific pattern of limb movement?

Walk Signup and view all the answers

In forelimb lameness, what is the visual indication when the sound limb is weight bearing?

Down on sound Signup and view all the answers

In hindlimb lameness, what will the lame limb exhibit during movement?

Greater gluteal excursion Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural weight distribution between the forelimbs and hindlimbs in a horse according to the text?

Forelimb: 60%, Hindlimb: 40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical restraint using α2-agonists and opiates in horses with moderate-severe hind limb lameness?

To calm fractious horses. Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is the Palmar Digital Nerve Block commonly used in horses?

Navicular disease or syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What structures are blocked by the Palmar Digital Medial and lateral nerves?

Sole, digital cushion, and navicular bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a cautionary note given regarding the Low Palmar/ Low 4-Point Medial and lateral palmar nerves block?

Possibility of inadvertent injection into a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Abaxial/BasiSesamoid Block administered in horses?

Mid-body/base of the proximal sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

When should physical restraint be used in equine nerve blocks?

Only when chemical restraint is not feasible Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lameness Exam Purpose

Primary purpose is to identify the cause and extent of lameness in horses.
Conducting a thorough exam helps determine appropriate treatment plans.

Flexion Tests Control Factors

Factors to control include environment, surface, and the horse's baseline gait.
Consistent handling and footing during tests aid in accurate assessments.

Compression Effects

Compression on soft tissues during flexion tests can lead to temporary discomfort or exacerbate existing pain.
May also influence movement patterns, complicating diagnosis.

Golden Rule for Lameness Exam

Always compare both limbs and use a systematic approach to ensure no detail is overlooked.

Motion Exam Purpose

Motion exams evaluate the horse’s gait to detect lameness characteristics and severity during movement.

AAEP Lameness Scale

Grade 2 on the AAEP scale indicates lameness is consistently observable at a trot.

4-Beat Gait Description

A 4-beat gait features a specific sequence in limb movement, typical in horses' natural locomotion patterns.

Forelimb Lameness Indicator

Visual signs during forelimb lameness show the horse raises its head when the sound limb bears weight.

Hindlimb Lameness Movement

During hindlimb lameness, the affected limb often shows less extension and may be placed under the body.

Natural Weight Distribution

Horses naturally distribute about 60% of their weight on the forelimbs and 40% on the hindlimbs.

Chemical Restraint Purpose

α2-agonists and opiates provide pain relief and sedation, facilitating examination in horses with moderate to severe hind limb lameness.

Palmar Digital Nerve Block Use

Commonly used to relieve pain associated with navicular disease in horses.

Blocked Structures

Palmar Digital Medial and Lateral Nerve blocks affect the digital cushion and the structures of the hoof.

Cautionary Note on Nerve Blocks

Low Palmar/Low 4-Point Medial and Lateral Palmar nerve blocks may alter the horse’s pain response and affect their ability to bear weight.

Abaxial/BasiSesamoid Block Administration

Administered at the level of the sesamoid bones, impacting the lower limb structures.

Physical Restraint in Nerve Blocks

Use physical restraint when the horse is anxious or when accurate placement of the nerve block is essential for effectiveness.

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Description

Test your knowledge on equine musculoskeletal examination techniques including palpation, tendon and ligament palpation, hoof testing, and motion examination. This quiz covers examples of severe joint effusion, thorough examination techniques, and lameness grading.