Podcast
Questions and Answers
At what age do the permanent 06's molars typically erupt?
At what age do the permanent 06's molars typically erupt?
Which of the following describes the shape of incisors as a horse ages?
Which of the following describes the shape of incisors as a horse ages?
Which of the following is NOT found within the tooth structure of a horse?
Which of the following is NOT found within the tooth structure of a horse?
What is the initial eruption time for deciduous teeth in horses?
What is the initial eruption time for deciduous teeth in horses?
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What does the 'cup' refer to in equine dentistry?
What does the 'cup' refer to in equine dentistry?
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What age is associated with the eruption of permanent 08's molars?
What age is associated with the eruption of permanent 08's molars?
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What anatomical structure is characterized by an enclosing cement core and an enamel ring?
What anatomical structure is characterized by an enclosing cement core and an enamel ring?
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In terms of tooth shape, what transition occurs as a horse ages?
In terms of tooth shape, what transition occurs as a horse ages?
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What potential consequence can occur if caps are removed too early?
What potential consequence can occur if caps are removed too early?
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What is the function of the six cheek teeth in equids?
What is the function of the six cheek teeth in equids?
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What can lead to the condition known as shear mouth in equids?
What can lead to the condition known as shear mouth in equids?
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Which pair of salivary glands is NOT mentioned?
Which pair of salivary glands is NOT mentioned?
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How do transverse ridges benefit the chewing process in equids?
How do transverse ridges benefit the chewing process in equids?
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At what average rate do equid teeth erupt each year?
At what average rate do equid teeth erupt each year?
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What are sharp buccal and lingual points primarily caused by?
What are sharp buccal and lingual points primarily caused by?
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Which of the following is a recommended practice to manage dental health in equids?
Which of the following is a recommended practice to manage dental health in equids?
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What is the recommended approach when performing a dental examination on a horse?
What is the recommended approach when performing a dental examination on a horse?
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Which of the following findings would likely require a re-exam of less than 12 months?
Which of the following findings would likely require a re-exam of less than 12 months?
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What is the primary aim of a dental examination?
What is the primary aim of a dental examination?
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What type of dental problem is more commonly found in miniature breeds?
What type of dental problem is more commonly found in miniature breeds?
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Which tool is specifically mentioned as essential equipment for equine dentistry?
Which tool is specifically mentioned as essential equipment for equine dentistry?
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In the context of equine dentistry, what is a significant risk when using manual tools?
In the context of equine dentistry, what is a significant risk when using manual tools?
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What should be avoided when rasping teeth to prevent damage?
What should be avoided when rasping teeth to prevent damage?
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What is crucial to chart in a horse's dental records?
What is crucial to chart in a horse's dental records?
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What does the Triadan system primarily help with in equine dentistry?
What does the Triadan system primarily help with in equine dentistry?
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Which of the following statements about equine teeth is true?
Which of the following statements about equine teeth is true?
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What is the primary function of secondary dentine in a tooth?
What is the primary function of secondary dentine in a tooth?
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Which feature is specific to the maxillary cheek teeth?
Which feature is specific to the maxillary cheek teeth?
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What does it mean for horses to have anisognathic dentition?
What does it mean for horses to have anisognathic dentition?
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In the context of equine dentistry, what is the significance of aging horses?
In the context of equine dentistry, what is the significance of aging horses?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between anatomy and routine dental care in horses?
Which statement best describes the relationship between anatomy and routine dental care in horses?
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What are wolf teeth in horses?
What are wolf teeth in horses?
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How many roots do mandibular cheek teeth typically have?
How many roots do mandibular cheek teeth typically have?
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Which part of a tooth is primarily composed of organic material and protects the tooth's pulp?
Which part of a tooth is primarily composed of organic material and protects the tooth's pulp?
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Study Notes
Equine Dentistry
- Karen Moore, BVSC Cert AVP (ED) FHEA CATE MRCVS, presented this lecture.
- The lecture covers equine dentistry, including teeth, anatomy, physiology, aging, and dental care.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the Triadan system for describing horse teeth.
- Understand principles for aging horses using their teeth.
- Connect the anatomy, physiology, and natural occlusion of equine teeth to the need for regular dental care.
- Grasp basic principles of equine dentistry.
Triadan System
- Anisognathic, meaning the mandible (lower jaw) is wider than the maxilla (upper jaw).
- Deciduous and adult teeth are depicted.
- Tooth numbers are shown.
Wolf Teeth and Canines
- Teeth are always numbered, even if not present.
- Images of examples of teeth are included with associated numbers.
Anatomy of a Tooth
- The components of a tooth, such as enamel, dentine, cementum, and pulp cavity, are described, along with secondary dentine.
- Infundibulae are also mentioned.
Maxillary Cheek Teeth
- 3 roots (2 buccal, 1 palatal).
- 2 infundibulae.
- Roots 6/7 are within the maxillary bone.
- Roots 8/9 are within the rostral maxillary sinus.
- Roots 10/11 are within the caudal maxillary sinus.
Mandibular Cheek Teeth
- 2 roots (rostral and caudal).
- No infundibulae.
- These teeth are narrower bucco-lingually compared to maxillary teeth.
Aging Horses
- Eruption times for deciduous and permanent teeth, including canines and wolf teeth, and molars, are shown in tables.
- Times are given by tooth type and stage of eruption, for example 1st week of life, 2.5 years.
- Relevant photos with clear instructions of what to look for and compare are provided.
Aging (Estimates!)
- Tooth morphology and appearance.
- Shape of incisors (wide vs tall) and angle between lower and upper incisors are examples provided.
- Note on enamel ring, pulp cavity and infundibulum.
- Changes in shape ovular to trianguar over time are mentioned.
Relating Anatomy, Physiology and Natural Occlusion to Routine Dental Care
- Understanding the anatomy, physiology, and natural occlusion of a horse's teeth.
- The relationship between these factors and the necessity for routine dental care.
- Relevant notes given.
Caps
- Deciduous teeth covering permanent teeth.
- May need to be removed in some cases.
- Removal too early can harm the growth of permanent teeth.
Embryology
- Stages of tooth development, including dental sac, primary and secondary dentine formation, are pictured.
Anatomy Related to Purpose
- Equids (horses) are grazers.
- Chewing teeth are angled for a single chewing mechanism.
The Chewing Cycle
- Description of the masticatory process in stages, with diagrams.
- Occlusion test, lateral excursion described.
Salivary Glands
- Three paired salivary glands (mandible, parotid, sublingual) are detailed.
Why Perform Dentals?
- Horses' diets affect their chewing patterns, from side-to-side for fiber to up-and-down for concentrates.
- Equids are prone to dental disease that can affect their survival in the wild, and this is often correlated with diets.
- Frequent dental care is needed due to the extended lifespan of domestic horses.
- Breed variation affecting dental health is noted, including horses versus donkeys.
Diet
- Excessive transverse ridges (ETRs) are usually normal, to increase surface area and need not be removed.
- Individual ETRs should be investigated to determine whether issues such as diastemas (spaces) exist.
- Sharp buccal/lingual points need reduction for prevention of soft tissue trauma, done through routine floating (rasping).
- Occlusion angle affects chewing motions, greater than 45 degrees might need care and reduction.
Age
- Equids have limited tooth crown length and teeth erupt approximately 2mm per year.
- Tooth roots lack enamel.
- Changes in dentition throughout the horse's lifespan necessitate changes to diet.
Evolution/Breeding
- Cheek tooth displacements can be medial or lateral.
- Overcrowding and varying degrees of displacement are more common in miniature breeds.
- Care with rasping, taking note of pulp horns, when treating displacements is discussed.
Basic Principles of Equine Dentistry
- First, do no harm.
- Get training; assess patient and history beforehand.
- The aim is for the horse to be more comfortable after the exam.
Routine Dental: Equipment
- Lists necessary equipment for equine dental examinations.
Routine Dental: Charting
- Recording of dental examinations is vital for patient history.
- Specific details like re-exam dates are crucial for monitoring and tracking oral health.
Performing a Dental: Raspings
- Comparison between manual and power tools for dental rasping procedures, including their features.
Resources
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of equine dentistry, including the Triadan system, tooth anatomy, and the significance of regular dental care for horses. You'll learn about the aging process through teeth examination, along with the identification of different equine teeth types. Test your knowledge on the physiological and anatomical details crucial for maintaining equine dental health.
