Equilibrium in Reversible Reactions

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Questions and Answers

Which statement correctly describes the concept of dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

The concentrations of reactants and products fluctuate significantly over time.
A catalyst is necessary for reaching equilibrium.
The reaction only proceeds in one direction.
The rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations. (correct)

What happens to the position of equilibrium when pressure is increased in a reaction?

It shifts to the side with the least number of molecules. (correct)
It remains unchanged as pressure does not affect equilibrium.
It always shifts to the left, regardless of the number of molecules.
It shifts toward the side with the greater number of gas molecules.

How does increasing temperature affect the position of equilibrium in an endothermic reaction?

It shifts the equilibrium toward the products. (correct)
It shifts the equilibrium equally in both directions.
It has no effect on the position of equilibrium.
It shifts the equilibrium toward the reactants.

Which of the following is a consequence of completing a reversible reaction?

<p>The reaction can achieve a state where both reactants and products are present in constant concentrations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly distinguishes between the rate and position of equilibrium?

<p>The rate of reaction refers to how fast equilibrium is reached, while position indicates the concentrations at equilibrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reversible Reaction

A reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions, reaching a state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant reactant and product concentrations.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state in a closed system where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process. It has no effect on the position of equilibrium.

Le Chatelier's Principle

When a system at equilibrium experiences a change in conditions, it will shift in a direction that relieves the stress.

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Temperature Effect on Equilibrium

The direction of an equilibrium shift when temperature changes. The reaction shifts to consume the added heat (endothermic) or produce more heat (exothermic).

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Study Notes

Equilibrium in Reversible Reactions

Reversible reactions can reach dynamic equilibrium in a sealed container
Forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate
Reactant and product concentrations remain constant

Factors Affecting Equilibrium

Temperature changes:
- Increasing temperature shifts the equilibrium position towards the endothermic reaction
- Decreasing temperature shifts the equilibrium position towards the exothermic reaction
Pressure changes:
- Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium position towards the side with fewer molecules
- Decreasing pressure shifts the equilibrium position towards the side with more molecules