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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of systems at chemical equilibrium?
What is a characteristic of systems at chemical equilibrium?
- Opposing processes occur at different rates.
- Reactant concentrations are always higher than product concentrations.
- One of the system's parameters has a constant value. (correct)
- Measurable properties fluctuate continuously.
Why is chemical equilibrium described as dynamic?
Why is chemical equilibrium described as dynamic?
- The reaction stops after reaching equilibrium.
- Forward and reverse reactions occur at different rates.
- The reaction produces more products than reactants.
- Reactants and products are continuously converting into each other. (correct)
In the Haber-Bosch process, what does the use of Dâ‚‚ instead of Hâ‚‚ demonstrate?
In the Haber-Bosch process, what does the use of Dâ‚‚ instead of Hâ‚‚ demonstrate?
- Different starting materials do not affect equilibrium composition. (correct)
- Higher temperatures always shift equilibrium towards products.
- Equilibrium is dependent on initial reactant concentration.
- Equilibrium cannot be achieved with isotopes.
What does a leveling-off curve in a concentration versus time graph indicate?
What does a leveling-off curve in a concentration versus time graph indicate?
Which condition is necessary for a system to reach chemical equilibrium?
Which condition is necessary for a system to reach chemical equilibrium?
Flashcards
Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
A state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions in a chemical process are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium
A state of balance where opposing processes continue to occur at equal rates, maintaining constant measurable properties.
Closed system
Closed system
A system where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave, which allows for the creation of equilibrium.
Constant Temperature
Constant Temperature
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Reaction rates
Reaction rates
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Equilibrium Composition
Equilibrium Composition
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Haber-Bosch Process
Haber-Bosch Process
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Le Chatelier's Principle
Le Chatelier's Principle
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Equilibrium Graph
Equilibrium Graph
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Study Notes
Equilibrium in Chemical Processes
- Chemical reactions can reach equilibrium, a state where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal.
- Equilibrium can be achieved starting with reactants or products.
- Equilibrium is dynamic; both forward and reverse reactions continue, but at equal rates, maintaining constant concentrations of reactants and products.
- Equilibrium is characterized by constant measurable properties at a given temperature.
- The magnitude of these properties indicates the extent of the process's progression toward equilibrium.
Dynamic Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is dynamic, meaning both forward and reverse reactions occur, but at equal rates.
- The system is closed, preventing external influences.
- Reactant and product concentrations remain constant.
- The system exhibits constant, measurable properties.
Examples of Equilibrium
- Haber-Bosch process: synthesis of ammonia.
- The reaction in a closed system reaches equilibrium regardless of initial amounts of reactants or products.
- The rate at which the products are produced is equal to the rate at which the reactants are used to make them.
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