Equilibrium Concepts in Physics

Equilibrium Concepts

• Equilibrium is a state where all forces acting on an object are balanced, resulting in a state of rest.
• It occurs due to equal opposing forces acting on an object.

Stable Equilibrium

• Defined as a condition where a slight displacement from the initial position leads to a force that restores the object to its original position.
• Example: A marble at the bottom of a bowl returns to its resting position when nudged.

Unstable Equilibrium

• Characterized by a situation where a slight displacement results in a force that pushes the object further away from its initial position.
• Example: A marble balanced precariously on top of a hemispherical bowl will fall off if disturbed.

Neutral Equilibrium

• In this state, a slight displacement does not result in any force acting on the object, allowing it to maintain equilibrium in the new position.
• The object remains balanced without returning to the original position or moving away.

Static Equilibrium

• Occurs when the resultant of all forces acting on the body is zero, meaning no net acceleration and the velocity is also zero.
• The object is at rest, indicating it does not move and remains stationary.

Dynamic Equilibrium

• Describes a condition where the resultant of all forces is zero, leading to zero net acceleration while the object maintains a constant velocity.
• In this state, the body is in motion but continues at a constant speed, without changing direction.