73 Questions
What does the Lucretia Mott amendment later became known as?
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
According to early liberal feminists, why should women have the same rights and opportunities as men?
Because men and women are fundamentally the same intellectually and morally
What is a criticism of early liberal feminism regarding equal rights and opportunities for women?
They did not consider how women would balance home responsibilities with equal opportunities
What must be resolved before the Equal Rights Amendment can be certified as part of the Constitution?
Political and legal challenges to the ratification process
What were early cultural feminists critical of in terms of established institutions?
Established religions (mainly Christianity)
Why did early liberal feminists believe in the importance of reason?
To ensure women have access to equal opportunities
What is one of the main beliefs of early cultural feminists according to the text?
Women should have autonomy in their lives and communities
Which early feminist thinker advocated for a positive, nurturing society in a woman-centered world?
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
What was a critique of religion by Matilda Joslyn Gage regarding women's oppression?
Overthrow of established religion is necessary
What did Stanton believe was the main source of women's subjugation?
Christian doctrine of women's inferiority
Which theory was used to justify inequality and exploitation, implying that dominant groups deserved their position according to the text?
Social Darwinism
How did early cultural feminists view the world when women had ruled, based on the text?
More peaceful for both males and females
What was the stance of a large segment of the Women's Rights Movement towards the amendments proposed by the federal government?
They did not support the amendments and wanted to keep pushing for all men and women to get the vote.
According to the beliefs of early liberal feminists, what was considered a woman's proper sphere?
The family and the home
What argument did traditional views often use to justify women's exclusion from voting?
Women are divinely ordained to be different from men.
What was a common belief held by early liberal feminists about women's entry into the public world of politics?
Women would become corrupted by being part of the corrupt male-dominated public world.
What challenge did the Equal Rights Amendment face after its introduction into Congress in 1923?
Resistance from southern states with deeply rooted racist attitudes
How did the split within the Women's Rights Movement affect their energy towards getting the vote for women?
Led to a decrease in energy towards getting the vote for women
What was a major challenge faced by the Equal Rights Amendment?
Political and legal challenges to the ratification process
In early liberal feminism, why did feminists believe that women should have equal rights and opportunities?
Due to the belief in the fundamental similarity of men and women intellectually and morally
What was a criticism of early liberal feminists regarding women's rights and opportunities?
Neglecting the issue of home and childcare responsibilities
What was the main idea behind early liberal feminism's belief in equal rights for women?
Men and women were fundamentally the same intellectually and morally
What did early cultural feminists criticize mainly?
Established religions like Christianity
Why did early cultural feminists criticize institutions like marriage and the home?
For their role in perpetuating female subjugation
What was a key belief underlying liberal democratic theory and the natural rights doctrine?
The importance of rationality and reasoning in participating in public affairs
What was a significant challenge faced by the Equal Rights Amendment in the United States?
Opposition due to concerns about altering gender roles
Why were women not included in the natural rights doctrine as put into practice by male theorists and politicians?
Due to a deliberate exclusion by male theorists and politicians
In early liberal feminist beliefs, what was considered a necessary qualification for individuals to have natural rights?
Rationality and reasoning abilities
What was a core aspect of the main beliefs of liberal feminism regarding the rights of individuals?
All individuals, regardless of gender, should have the same rights
What did early cultural feminists believe had been dominant when women had ruled?
Values of peace, cooperation, and respect for all living things
According to early liberal feminists, what was considered the main source of women's subjugation?
Christian doctrines about women's inferiority
What was the main focus of Stanton's critique of religion by 1890?
Challenging the Bible's alleged doctrine of women's inferiority
What did early cultural feminists criticize as a product of the patriarchate?
Christian doctrines
Why did early liberal feminists suggest that legal changes alone would not give women equality?
Because a revolution in social and religious attitudes was needed
What theory was used to justify inequality and exploitation, implying that dominant groups deserved to be dominant?
Social Darwinism
What was a criticism faced by early liberal feminists regarding their belief in equal rights and opportunities for women?
Lack of consideration for women's roles in home and childcare
What is a core aspect of the main beliefs of early liberal feminism regarding the rights of individuals?
Legal changes alone can provide women with equality
Why was the Equal Rights Amendment still not part of the U.S. Constitution as of 2020-2021?
Political and legal challenges to the ratification process
What was a major challenge faced by the Equal Rights Amendment in the United States?
Resistance from anti-feminist organizations
Why did early liberal feminists believe women should have equal rights and opportunities?
Because women had different souls and minds compared to men
What was a key belief of the group within the Women's Rights Movement that did not support the amendments giving black men, but no women, the right to vote?
They believed that family and the home were a woman's proper sphere.
What was a significant aspect of the beliefs of early liberal feminists regarding voting and political corruption?
They believed that voting would corrupt women and make them part of a corrupt political system.
How did the split within the Women's Rights Movement affect the group focusing on getting the vote for women?
It shifted their energy towards getting the vote for women exclusively.
What challenge did the Equal Rights Amendment face after it was introduced into Congress in 1923?
Racial attitudes in southern states opposing equal rights for women.
Why did a large segment of the Women's Rights Movement not support the amendments proposed by the federal government?
Because they wanted voting rights for both men and women.
What was a significant criticism of early liberal feminism in terms of achieving gender equality?
Belief that legal changes alone would not bring equality
What set early cultural feminists apart from traditional views regarding women's roles in society?
Criticism of the patriarchate and established religion
What was a key challenge faced by the Equal Rights Amendment in the United States?
Resistance based on religious doctrines
How did early liberal feminists differ from traditional views in terms of justifying women's subjugation?
By critiquing the Bible and established religion
What was a core belief underlying early liberal feminism regarding the achievement of gender equality?
Advocacy for social and religious revolutions
Why did the federal government refuse to include women in the right to vote during the Civil War?
They prioritized giving black men the right to vote.
What led to the split between the Women's Rights Movement and the Abolitionist movement in the late 1800s?
The disagreement over the relevance of natural rights theory.
What was a major challenge faced by the Equal Rights Amendment in the United States?
Refusal to certify it as part of the Constitution.
How did Elizabeth Cady Stanton contribute to the Women's Rights Movement after the Declaration of Sentiments?
By using natural rights theory to argue for women's vote and changes in laws.
What was one of the reasons behind women being excluded from gaining voting rights during the Civil War?
Political focus was on ending slavery rather than women's rights.
According to Frances Wright's interpretation of Utilitarianism, why did she believe keeping women ignorant and oppressed was unethical?
Because it did not produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people
What was Sarah Grimke's critique concerning the family/domestic sphere in relation to women's suffering?
That for many married women, the home was a place where men exercised tyrannical power
What was the primary focus of the Declaration of Sentiments presented at Seneca Falls in 1848?
Applying the natural rights doctrine to women's rights
What major challenge did the Equal Rights Amendment face after its introduction into Congress in 1923?
Resistance from conservative groups and traditionalists
How did early liberal feminists view the concept of natural rights for women compared to traditional views?
They applied the natural rights doctrine to support women's rights unlike traditional views
According to early liberal feminist thought, what was the main reason women were seen as emotional, irrational, and incompetent?
They were encouraged to cultivate their non-rational side.
In early liberal feminist ideology, how did Mary Wollstonecraft view the moral and intellectual equality of men and women?
Men and women are fundamentally the same morally and intellectually.
What did Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-69) assert about the legal status of a married woman?
Women's legal existence was subsumed into that of their husbands.
What fundamental principle did early liberal feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for regarding natural rights?
Natural rights should apply equally to men and women.
What was a key belief held by traditional views regarding the legal status of women within marriage?
Women's legal status should be subordinate to their husbands.
According to Charlotte Perkins Gilman, what was the impact of subjugating women on the natural progress of humanity and civilization?
It slows down the natural progress of humanity and civilization.
What does Charlotte Perkins Gilman suggest as a solution to eliminate women's economic dependence on men?
Professionalizing domestic work.
In what way did Charlotte Perkins Gilman criticize the traditional economic relation between sexes?
She considered it unnatural and detrimental to women's growth.
What was one of the proposed changes Charlotte Perkins Gilman suggested to improve the status of women?
Professionalizing domestic work and paying for it.
How did Charlotte Perkins Gilman view the energy of women being channeled into making themselves appealing to men?
As a form of survival akin to prostitution.
Why did Charlotte Perkins Gilman advocate for changes in the structure of the family?
To eliminate women's economic dependency on men.
What was the main criticism Charlotte Perkins Gilman had regarding the gender-based division of labor?
She criticized it as an obstacle to women's growth and development.
What was one significant change proposed by Charlotte Perkins Gilman regarding domestic work?
"Domestic work should be professionalized."
Test your knowledge about the history, significance, and current status of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the United States. Learn about the challenges and debates surrounding its ratification process.
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