Untitled Quiz

Mixtures and Pure Substances

• Mixture: Combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties and are not chemically combined.
• Heterogeneous Mixture: Contains visibly different substances or phases; components can often be identified easily.
• Homogeneous Mixture: Completely uniform composition throughout; cannot easily distinguish different components.
• Pure Substance: Consists solely of one type of particle; can be elements or compounds.

Types of Mixtures

• Mechanical Mixture: A heterogeneous mixture with easily identifiable parts, e.g., salad or gravel.
• Suspension: A type of mixture where particles settle out over time; e.g., muddy water.
• Emulsion: A stable type of suspension, where the components do not separate easily, often requiring an emulsifying agent.
• Emulsifying Agent: Substance that helps stabilize an emulsion, allowing a mixture to remain uniform.

Solutions and Components

• Solution: A homogeneous mixture, where one substance is dissolved in another.
• Alloy: A metallic solution, typically combining two or more metals for improved properties.
• Dissolve: The process wherein a solute integrates into a solvent to form a solution.
• Solute: The substance that is dissolved within the solvent.
• Solvent: The medium in which the solute dissolves; typically present in larger amounts.

Chemical Fundamentals

• Element: The simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• Compound: Chemically bonded combination of two or more different elements in fixed ratios.
• Periodic Table: A systematic arrangement of all known elements organized into groups and periods based on shared properties.
• Molecule: Composed of two or more atoms bonded together, can represent elements or compounds.

Separation Techniques

• Method of Separation: Techniques used to isolate components of mixtures; includes filtration, magnetism, tongs, flotation, and distillation.

Atomic Theory

• Atoms: Fundamental building blocks of matter; indivisible for a given element and all atoms of the same element are identical.
• John Dalton: Pioneer of atomic theory, establishing foundational principles about matter's composition.
• Dalton's Atomic Theory:
  • Matter is comprised of atoms.
  • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
  • All atoms of a particular element share identical properties.
  • Compounds form in fixed ratios (e.g., water = 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom).