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Questions and Answers

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined (correct)

A material that is pure and uncombined

A solution of metals

A material that cannot be broken down

What does heterogeneous mean?

A mixture made up of different parts that are relatively easy to detect

Define homogeneous.

A material that is the same throughout

What is a pure substance?

A material that is made up of only one type of particle Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanical mixture?

A mixture that has easily identifiable parts Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a suspension?

A mixture in which the parts settle out after being mixed Signup and view all the answers

Define emulsion.

A suspension in which the parts of the mixture remain distributed for a longer period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is an emulsifying agent?

A substance which is added to a suspension to create an emulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture Signup and view all the answers

Define alloy.

A solution of metals Signup and view all the answers

What does dissolve mean?

The process by which 2 substances become a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

The substance which is dissolved into a solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

The substance in which the solute dissolves Signup and view all the answers

Define an element.

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other pure substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A substance made from 2 or more elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodic table?

The chart organizing all the known elements into groups and periods Signup and view all the answers

Define a molecule.

2 or more atoms linked together Signup and view all the answers

What is a method of separation?

One of several methods used to separate mixtures. Possible methods include filtration, magnetism, using tongs, flotation, and distillation. Signup and view all the answers

What are atoms?

The smallest building blocks of matter. All atoms of an element are identical Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Dalton?

The chemist who developed the first Atomic Theory of Matter Signup and view all the answers

What are the main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory?

<ol> <li>All matter is made of atoms. 2. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided. 3. All atoms of the same element are identical. 4. Compounds contain definite ratios of elements.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mixtures and Pure Substances

Mixture: Combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties and are not chemically combined.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Contains visibly different substances or phases; components can often be identified easily.
Homogeneous Mixture: Completely uniform composition throughout; cannot easily distinguish different components.
Pure Substance: Consists solely of one type of particle; can be elements or compounds.

Types of Mixtures

Mechanical Mixture: A heterogeneous mixture with easily identifiable parts, e.g., salad or gravel.
Suspension: A type of mixture where particles settle out over time; e.g., muddy water.
Emulsion: A stable type of suspension, where the components do not separate easily, often requiring an emulsifying agent.
Emulsifying Agent: Substance that helps stabilize an emulsion, allowing a mixture to remain uniform.

Solutions and Components

Solution: A homogeneous mixture, where one substance is dissolved in another.
Alloy: A metallic solution, typically combining two or more metals for improved properties.
Dissolve: The process wherein a solute integrates into a solvent to form a solution.
Solute: The substance that is dissolved within the solvent.
Solvent: The medium in which the solute dissolves; typically present in larger amounts.

Chemical Fundamentals

Element: The simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compound: Chemically bonded combination of two or more different elements in fixed ratios.
Periodic Table: A systematic arrangement of all known elements organized into groups and periods based on shared properties.
Molecule: Composed of two or more atoms bonded together, can represent elements or compounds.

Separation Techniques

Method of Separation: Techniques used to isolate components of mixtures; includes filtration, magnetism, tongs, flotation, and distillation.

Atomic Theory

Atoms: Fundamental building blocks of matter; indivisible for a given element and all atoms of the same element are identical.
John Dalton: Pioneer of atomic theory, establishing foundational principles about matter's composition.
Dalton's Atomic Theory:
- Matter is comprised of atoms.
- Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
- All atoms of a particular element share identical properties.
- Compounds form in fixed ratios (e.g., water = 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom).