Epithelial Tissue Structure and Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which germ layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory system?

  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm (correct)
  • All of the above

What is the primary function of ciliated respiratory epithelium?

  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Protection
  • Cleaning (correct)

Which type of epithelium is responsible for reducing friction in the circulatory system?

  • Endothelium (correct)
  • Ciliated epithelium
  • Mesothelium
  • Epithelium of skin

What is the main function of the endothelium in capillaries?

<p>Diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissues?

<p>Metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the mesothelium?

<p>Mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of epithelial cells?

<p>They are avascular with very few nerve endings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between epithelial tissue and connective tissue?

<p>They are closely associated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the blood capillaries in epithelial tissue?

<p>They are very small and never enter the epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of epithelial tissues that are subject to pressure and traction?

<p>They have marked intercellular adhesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of simple cuboidal epithelium?

<p>Cuboidal shape, all sides are approximately the same size, cell limits are often well-defined (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in the lining of the luminal surface of the stomach, small and large intestine, and gall bladder?

<p>Simple columnar epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of pseudostratified epithelium?

<p>Composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the choroid plexus in the brain?

<p>Simple cuboidal epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of nuclei in simple cuboidal epithelium?

<p>Round nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of pseudostratified epithelium?

<p>It has a single layer of cells with cilia or microvilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of goblet cells due to the presence of?

<p>abundant mucinogen granules in the apical part of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a location where pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found?

<p>Trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of non-motile cilia in the upper airways?

<p>Chronic respiratory infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in the ducts of exocrine glands?

<p>simple cuboidal, simple columnar, or stratified cuboidal/columnar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>The presence of dead cells on the surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is transitional epithelium (urothelium) found?

<p>Urinary tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of acinar glands?

<p>pie-shaped, small lumen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of keratin in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>To provide a protective, water-resistant barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the secretory unit that manufactures the product in exocrine glands?

<p>adenomere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

<p>exocrine glands secrete into a duct system, while endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of tissue?

<p>An aggregation of cells and extracellular substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many basic types of tissue are there in the body?

<p>Four (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of epithelial tissue?

<p>It is composed of closely aggregated cells with little extracellular substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glandular epithelia?

<p>To synthesize, store, and release various products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelia is found in the skin, ears, and on the tongue?

<p>Special epithelia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of epithelia?

<p>Lining, glandular, and special epithelia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the collective of secretory units and ducts of a compound gland?

<p>Parenchyma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are associated with salivary, mammary, and sweat glands?

<p>Myoepithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the interlobular duct?

<p>To connect lobules to a lobar duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe glands that produce a watery product containing enzymes?

<p>Serous glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the elements that comprise the stroma of a compound gland?

<p>Connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland produces both mucous and serous secretion?

<p>Mixed gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of mucous glands?

<p>A and D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands?

<p>Sebum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the secretion produced by modified sweat glands in the skin of the external auditory canal?

<p>Cerumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is characterized by multiple layers of cells with a squamous shape on the surface?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of epithelium are the cells on the surface lost and composed mainly of keratin?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of serous cells in salivary glands?

<p>Crescent or demilune shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of merocrine secretion?

<p>Cell remains intact, contents of small secretory granules are released (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a holocrine gland?

<p>Sebaceous gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of apocrine secretion?

<p>Apex bulges, some cytoplasm is lost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of sebaceous glands?

<p>Centrally located nuclei with pale and 'foamy' cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of epithelial tissue in terms of cellular density?

<p>High cellular density and little intercellular substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

<p>To act as a selective barrier between epithelial and connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of epithelial cells in terms of polarity?

<p>They are innervated polarized cells with apical, lateral, and basal surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the interface between epithelial and connective tissue?

<p>They are interfaced by an extracellular basement membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gap junctions?

<p>To allow communication between cells through ions and small molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is characterized by a single layer of flat, elongated cells?

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of junctions provide mechanical support to cells and are due to transmembrane glycoproteins?

<p>Desmosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of E-cadherins in cell junctions?

<p>To provide mechanical support to cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the secretory unit that manufactures the product in exocrine glands?

<p>adenomere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of acinar glands?

<p>pie-shaped with a small lumen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superficial cells in the urinary bladder?

<p>To provide an osmotic barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the stem cells located in stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?

<p>In the basal cell layer (stratum basale) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands?

<p>to express the secretory product into the duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exfoliative cytology?

<p>To examine cells shed from surface tissues, mucous membranes, or found in body liquids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for classification of glandular epithelia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of glands are found in the epithelial lining of the intestine and in the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?

<p>Unicellular glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of serous glands?

<p>Cells with round nuclei, basophilic in the basal portion and acidophilic in the apical part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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