65 Questions
Which germ layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory system?
Endoderm
What is the primary function of ciliated respiratory epithelium?
Cleaning
Which type of epithelium is responsible for reducing friction in the circulatory system?
Endothelium
What is the main function of the endothelium in capillaries?
Diffusion
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissues?
Metabolism
What is the origin of the mesothelium?
Mesoderm
What is a characteristic of epithelial cells?
They are avascular with very few nerve endings
What is the relationship between epithelial tissue and connective tissue?
They are closely associated
What is unique about the blood capillaries in epithelial tissue?
They are very small and never enter the epithelium
What is a characteristic of epithelial tissues that are subject to pressure and traction?
They have marked intercellular adhesion
What is characteristic of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Cuboidal shape, all sides are approximately the same size, cell limits are often well-defined
Which type of epithelium is found in the lining of the luminal surface of the stomach, small and large intestine, and gall bladder?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is characteristic of pseudostratified epithelium?
Composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells
What type of epithelium is found in the choroid plexus in the brain?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the characteristic of nuclei in simple cuboidal epithelium?
Round nucleus
What is a characteristic feature of pseudostratified epithelium?
It has a single layer of cells with cilia or microvilli
What is the characteristic shape of goblet cells due to the presence of?
abundant mucinogen granules in the apical part of the cell
Which of the following is an example of a location where pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found?
Trachea
What is the result of non-motile cilia in the upper airways?
Chronic respiratory infection
Which type of epithelium is found in the ducts of exocrine glands?
simple cuboidal, simple columnar, or stratified cuboidal/columnar
What is the characteristic feature of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
The presence of dead cells on the surface
Where is transitional epithelium (urothelium) found?
Urinary tract
What is the characteristic feature of acinar glands?
pie-shaped, small lumen
What is the function of keratin in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
To provide a protective, water-resistant barrier
What is the term for the secretory unit that manufactures the product in exocrine glands?
adenomere
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
exocrine glands secrete into a duct system, while endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream
What is the definition of tissue?
An aggregation of cells and extracellular substances
How many basic types of tissue are there in the body?
Four
What is characteristic of epithelial tissue?
It is composed of closely aggregated cells with little extracellular substance
What is the function of glandular epithelia?
To synthesize, store, and release various products
What type of epithelia is found in the skin, ears, and on the tongue?
Special epithelia
What are the three main types of epithelia?
Lining, glandular, and special epithelia
What is the term used to describe the collective of secretory units and ducts of a compound gland?
Parenchyma
What type of cells are associated with salivary, mammary, and sweat glands?
Myoepithelial cells
What is the function of the interlobular duct?
To connect lobules to a lobar duct
What is the term used to describe glands that produce a watery product containing enzymes?
Serous glands
What is the term used to describe the elements that comprise the stroma of a compound gland?
Connective tissue
What type of gland produces both mucous and serous secretion?
Mixed gland
What is characteristic of mucous glands?
A and D
What is the term for the oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands?
Sebum
What is the name of the secretion produced by modified sweat glands in the skin of the external auditory canal?
Cerumen
Which type of epithelium is characterized by multiple layers of cells with a squamous shape on the surface?
Stratified squamous epithelium
In which type of epithelium are the cells on the surface lost and composed mainly of keratin?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the characteristic shape of serous cells in salivary glands?
Crescent or demilune shape
What is the characteristic of merocrine secretion?
Cell remains intact, contents of small secretory granules are released
What is an example of a holocrine gland?
Sebaceous gland
What is the characteristic of apocrine secretion?
Apex bulges, some cytoplasm is lost
What is the characteristic of sebaceous glands?
Centrally located nuclei with pale and 'foamy' cytoplasm
What is the characteristic of epithelial tissue in terms of cellular density?
High cellular density and little intercellular substance
What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?
To act as a selective barrier between epithelial and connective tissue
What is the characteristic of epithelial cells in terms of polarity?
They are innervated polarized cells with apical, lateral, and basal surfaces
What is the characteristic of the interface between epithelial and connective tissue?
They are interfaced by an extracellular basement membrane
What is the primary function of gap junctions?
To allow communication between cells through ions and small molecules
What type of epithelium is characterized by a single layer of flat, elongated cells?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of junctions provide mechanical support to cells and are due to transmembrane glycoproteins?
Desmosomes
What is the function of E-cadherins in cell junctions?
To provide mechanical support to cells
What is the term for the secretory unit that manufactures the product in exocrine glands?
adenomere
What is the characteristic feature of acinar glands?
pie-shaped with a small lumen
What is the function of the superficial cells in the urinary bladder?
To provide an osmotic barrier
Where are the stem cells located in stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
In the basal cell layer (stratum basale)
What is the function of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands?
to express the secretory product into the duct
What is the purpose of exfoliative cytology?
To examine cells shed from surface tissues, mucous membranes, or found in body liquids
What is the criteria for classification of glandular epithelia?
All of the above
What type of glands are found in the epithelial lining of the intestine and in the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?
Unicellular glands
What is the characteristic of serous glands?
Cells with round nuclei, basophilic in the basal portion and acidophilic in the apical part
This quiz covers the origin and histogenesis of epithelial tissues from the three main germ layers, as well as their functions, including protection and secretion.
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